亚超音速机翼最佳弯扭综合设计计算方法

本文介绍一种亚超音速机翼最佳弯扭综合设计的计算方法,它应用了有限基本解方法。分别在亚超音速各选取一个设计点(M数和C_L),进行机翼弯扭设计,其目的是减小与升力相关的阻力。在此基础上,顾及亚音速和超音速这两个设计点的气动力特性,还要兼顾到飞机其它性能和结构上实现的可能性,进行机翼的综合设计。本文分别给出了亚音速最佳弯扭设计,超音速最佳弯扭设计和综合设计的计算结果。经过分析表明,计算结果是合理的。     

前/后掠机翼气动特性对比分析

基于NACA0012对称翼型设计了前掠机翼、后掠机翼和平直机翼,采用CFD方法计算了3种机翼的升力系数、阻力系数和俯仰力矩系数,通过压力云图和流线图分析了3种机翼的气动特性及流动机理。研究结果表明:前掠机翼上表面的流动是由翼尖流向翼根,翼根首先出现分离,而后掠机翼上表面的流动是由翼根流向翼尖,翼尖首先出现分离,平直机翼由于受翼尖涡的下洗影响,翼根首先出现分离;在30°斜掠角下,前掠机翼形成了机翼前缘涡,表现出旋涡流态气动特性。研究结果揭示了不同机翼之间的流动差异,有助于在飞行器设计过程中选择合适的气动布局。     

机翼/外挂系统的颤振主动抑制研究

 本文对颤振主动抑制控制律进行了研究。研究对象为一小展弦比带外侧导弹的机翼颤振模型,模型具有外侧后缘控制面。依据该模型的全部动力特性和刚度特性,以最优控制为基础,采用动态补偿器方法,设计了两阶控制律。对该控制律进行了风洞实验验证。实验结果表明:颤振临界速度提高了14％以上。理论计算结果与实验结果一致。     

滑流区中三角翼大攻角气动力特性的实验研究

一种以后掠75.7°薄三角翼为主要特征的典型航空航天飞行器模型,在激波管风洞马赫数为11.9和15.4两种条件下,攻角范围20°～50°,用模型自由飞方法测量了它们的轴向力系数、法向力系数和俯仰力矩特性。相应的实验雷诺数分别为3.19×10~4和1.64×10~4,这两种流动条件均属于稀薄气流的滑流区。 实验结果表明在M_∞=11.9和15.4两种条件下,两种剖面外形模型的升力系数和阻力系数均随攻角加大而递增,其变化规律有很好的一致性,且对马赫数并不敏感;但从体轴系来看,不仅两种模型的轴向力系数不同,而且因粘性干扰的缘故,同一模型A在M_∞=15.4时比M_∞=11.9时有相对较大的轴向力系数,但两者随攻角变化的规律一致,且当α>45°时接近牛顿值。此外,实验表明两种模型的压心系数随攻角均没有明显变化。     

A Possible Transfer Mechanism for the 11-Year Solar Cycle to the Lower Stratosphere

Observational evidence of the 11-year solar cycle (SC) modulation of stratosphere temperatures and winds from the ERA-40 dataset is reviewed, with emphasis on the Northern winter hemisphere. A frequency modulation of sudden warming events is noted, with warmings occurring earlier in solar minimum periods than in solar maximum periods. The observed interaction between the influence of the SC and the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) on the frequency of sudden warmings is noted as a possible clue for understanding their mechanism of influence. A possible transfer route for the 11-year solar cycle from the equatorial stratopause region to the lowest part of the stratosphere is proposed, via an influence on sudden warming events and the associated induced meridional circulation. SC and QBO composites of zonal wind anomalies show anomalous wind distributions in the subtropical upper stratosphere in early winter. Mechanistic model experiments are reviewed that demonstrate a sensitivity of sudden warmings to small wind anomalies in this region. Various diagnostics from these experiments are shown, including EP fluxes and their divergence and also the synoptic evolution of the polar vortex, in order to understand the mechanism of the influence. Some recent GCM experiments to investigate the SC/QBO interaction are also described. They simulate reasonably well the observed SC/QBO interaction of sudden warming events and appear to support the hypothesis that tropical/subtropical upper stratospheric wind anomalies are an important influence on the timing of sudden warmings.     

Variations of the magnetic fields in large solar flares

We present preliminary results from high resolution observations obtained with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on the SOHO of two large solar flares of 14 July 2000 and 24 November 2000. We show that rapid variations of the line-of-sight magnetic field occured on a time scale of a few minutes during the flare explosions. The reversibility/irreversibility of the magnetic field of both active regions is a very good tool for understanding how the magnetic energy is released in these flares. The observed sharp increase of the magnetic energy density at the time of maximum of the solar flare could involve an unknown component which deposited supplementary energy into the system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三角翼低速动态大攻角气动特性试验研究

对后掠角分别为X=60°、70°和80°尖前缘平板三角翼模型和一个前缘后掠角为（76° 40°）的双三角翼模型在低速风洞中作大攻角俯仰摩波运动，振幅am=30°、60°和90°，缩减频率K=0.01～0.12，基于根弦长雷诺数Re=2.76×10^5～8.23×10^5。进行了六分量动态气动载荷测量，动态流动显示和70°三角翼上翼面非定常压力测量，并分别与对应的静态试验结果比较。分析了运动参数包括缩减频率、振幅和Re数、后掠角对气流动态迟滞特性的影响。     

机翼结构拓扑优化的一种新渐进结构优化方法

基本ESO方法存在着删除准则单一,应用范围局限于简单结构的缺点,本文分析了其用于类似飞机机翼这种复杂结构拓扑优化设计中的不足之处,并进行针对性地改进,提出了一种新的删除准则,构成了一种新的渐进结构优化方法。算例表明,该方法适合于复杂机翼结构的拓扑优化问题,拓展了基本渐进结构优化方法的功能,有着很好的推广应用价值。     

转轴位置对俯仰动态特性的影响

研究了转轴位置对机翼、机身和三个组合体上翼面的动态特性的影响，对于机翼和机身，当转轴位置后移时其动态迟滞效应更为强烈。当翼面处于转轴之前，上仰时会出现更为的动态迟滞效应。因此鸭翼达到失速状态较晚。而当翼面处于转轴之后时，如尾翼，将会更早地出现动失速，转轴位置对动态迟滞特性的影响可以认为主要是由于俯仰运动时的动态洗流影响所导致的实际有效迎角的变化。由此影响了动态分离涡及其发展。     

计算跨声速机翼尾涡流自适应区域方法

本文利用自适应区域方法调节机翼后每个Ｔｒｅｆｆｔｚ平面上的计算域，使得尾涡对这个计算域边界的影响足够小，从而提高了计算的精度和时间。考虑到间断面的影响，在尾涡面上引入有旋项对流场进行计算。椭圆载荷机翼计算表明本文计算结果与经典Ｂｅｔｚ理论一致。用本文方法对某轰炸机进行了计算，计算结果已用于预计其实际飞行的尾涡面。