F3 layer feature under low and medium solar activity observed at a Chinese low latitude station Fuke

Ionogram observations from the ionosonde at Fuke (9.5°N geomagnetic latitude), a Chinese low latitude station, in 2010–2012 are analyzed to present the features of F3 layer under low and moderate solar activity conditions. Structure of the ionogram, displaying the F3 layer, was more distinct and clear during MSA than LSA periods especially during spring to summer. Start time of occurrence of the F3 layer is about at 0830–0900 LT and is approximately the same for LSA and MSA conditions. The average duration time of the F3 layer occurrence was 181 min per day under F_10.7 = 75 condition, 263 min in F_10.7 = 99 and 358 min in F_10.7 = 125, respectively. The differences of h′F2 and h′F3 exhibited obvious semiannual variation observed at Fuke from March 2010 to June 2012 and increased with increasing solar activity. The difference of foF2 and foF3 in the months February, March, September, October and November is less evident in the middle solar activity period 2011–2012 than the low solar activity 2010 and in the other period it shows a slight increase (0.5 MHz) or keeps constant. The results show that the solar activity dependence of the F3 layer occurrence at low latitude away from the magnetic equator is different from that at near the magnetic equator.     

太阳翼黏滞阻尼器的可靠性评估方法

基于黏滞阻尼器的工作原理分析,确定了以黏滞阻尼器的阻尼率作为可靠性特征量,提出了利用大量地面测试数据进行黏滞阻尼器可靠性定量评估的方法,并给出了某太阳翼黏滞阻尼器可靠性评估的应用示例,为黏滞阻尼器的可靠性验证提供了技术途径。     

Understanding solar streamers: The role of SOHO

Streamers have been observed since far back in time, but our knowledge of their morphology and of their physical characteristics is still very limited. As a consequence, the present streamer picture is largely incomplete: because individual features are poorly known, their role in more general phenomena (like the evolution of the global corona or the solar wind mass and flow pattern) is also poorly known. In this presentation, the more relevant open problems in the understanding of streamers will be illustrated and it will be shown how new data acquired by SOHO may help us to reach a better understanding of these structures.     

WTO对GATT专家组程序的完善与发展

专家组在WTO争端解决中所起的作用越来越大,2002年7月25日,WTO就美国“201钢铁保障措施案”成立了专家组,我国正积极准备相关的书面陈述。因此,对WTO专家组的研究不仅仅是个理论问题,更重要的在于它的现实意义。本文运用比较的方法,着重探讨了WTO在哪些方面对GATT专家组程序进行了完善并有创造性的发展,体现出哪些进步性。从而有助于我们更深入理解和掌握WTO专家组程序,使我国在WTO争端解决中处于主动地位。     

空间站太阳能吸热器蓄热性能地面模拟试验

利用相变材料 (PCM)的熔化潜热来蓄热可以保证空间站太阳能热动力系统在轨道的阴影期内仍能连续发电。针对这一核心技术 ,建立了空间太阳能吸热 -储热器单元换热器地面模拟实验台。在模拟轨道条件下 ,对不同入射热流、不同工质进口温度及不同工质流量进行了多种组合测试。结果表明 ,单管工质气体的出口温升在轨道的日照期和阴影期都达到了预期的要求 ,相变材料容器的最高温度和平均温度都处于材料的安全范围内。     

飞行器壁板颤振的无限维非线性分析

 一、无限维Hopf分叉定理和中心不变流形定理 由于偏微分方程的矢量场（在任一适当的Banach空间中）常常不是光滑函数,Marsden-McCracken利用（相）流的光滑性提出了流的Hopf分叉定理和中心流形定理。这里的流都是半（相）流,也就是半群。     

银膜的原子氧剥蚀效应及其防护的试验研究

 空间太阳电池板作为空间飞行器电源系统的重要组成部分,它的正常工作对飞行器的运行起着非常重要的作用,而作为互连片的银材料,可能会与空间环境中的原子氧发生反应,生成不导电的氧化物,从而影响空间太阳电池板的有效寿命。本文在原子氧效应地面模拟试验设备中,对银以及镀有不同防护层的银膜进行了原子氧效应地面模拟试验研究,对试验前后试样的外观、质量进行了比较,获得了银在设备中的反应特点,同时对不同防护镀层的有效性进行了验证,为银互连片在空间太阳电池板上的应用及其防护提供了设计依据。     

A DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE SOLAR-POWERED SOLID ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

ＡＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＴＨＥＳＯＬＡＲ－ＰＯＷＥＲＥＤＳＯＬＩＤＡＢＳＯＲＰＴＩＯＮＲＥＦＲＩＧＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＬｉｎＧｕｉｐｉｎｇ；ＭｅｉＺｈｉｇｕａｎｇ（Ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ５０５，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕ...     

Particle Acceleration by the Sun: Electrons, Hard X-rays/Gamma-rays

Observations of hard X-ray (HXR)/γ-ray continuum and γ-ray lines produced by energetic electrons and ions, respectively, colliding with the solar atmosphere, have shown that large solar flares can accelerate ions up to many GeV and electrons up to hundreds of MeV. Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are observed by spacecraft near 1 AU and by ground-based instrumentation to extend up to similar energies, but it appears that a different acceleration process, one associated with fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is responsible. Much weaker SEP events are observed that are generally rich in electrons, ³He, and heavy elements. The energetic particles in these events appear to be similar to those accelerated in flares. The Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) mission provides high-resolution spectroscopy and imaging of flare HXRs and γ-rays. The observations of the location, energy spectra, and composition of the flare accelerated energetic particles at the Sun strongly imply that the acceleration is closely related to the magnetic reconnection that releases the energy in solar flares. Here preliminary comparisons of the RHESSI observations with observations of both energetic electrons and ions near 1 AU are reviewed, and the implications for the particle acceleration and escape processes are discussed.     

带作用力约束的二维装填布局问题--航天器中复杂插座板上插孔的布局优化设计

研究航天器中一种复杂插座板上插孔的布局设计问题 ,简化为在圆形插板上 ,根据给定的 n个插头 ,考虑插座板的非凸的可布空间和插头的拔脱力、插座板的紧固螺栓力、边缘弹簧的弹簧力等约束情况下 ,布置其插孔位置。它属于带作用力约束的二维装填 ( Packing)问题。给出该问题的数学模型 ,并提出一种改进编码的遗传算法进行求解。文后附以航天器复杂插座上插孔布局设计实际工程问题为背景的算例