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541.
A coupled climate model is used to explore the regional response of the climate system to solar forcing, with emphasis on
the role of the ocean. It is shown that both the transient and the equilibrium response of surface temperature to changes
in total solar irradiation is smaller over ocean than over land because of the ocean’s large heat capacity and the feedback
involving evaporation. Furthermore, the advection of temperature anomalies and changes in ocean currents have an impact on
the timing and the geographical distribution of the response. Nevertheless, at regional scales, the response to the forcing
is embedded within the large internal variability of the system making the detection and analysis of the forced response difficult.
Furthermore, this forced response could imply both changes in the mean state of the system as well as in its variability. 相似文献
542.
Robert J. Rutten 《Space Science Reviews》1998,85(1-2):269-280
This “rapporteur” report discusses the solar photosphere and low chromosphere in the context of chemical composition studies.
The highly dynamical nature of the photosphere does not seem to jeopardize precise determination of solar abundances in classical
fashion. It is still an open question how the highly dynamical nature of the low chromosphere contributes to first ionization
potential (FIP) fractionation.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
543.
针对冰箱侧板的生产,提出了步进冲切这一新的板料冲切方式。对原冰箱侧板生产线进行了大量改进,应用触摸屏整合操作界面。新的冲切工位大大减少了更换产品型号时生产线的准备时间,在实际生产中效果良好。 相似文献
544.
本文针对近期石油涨价以及全社会都在提倡节约的大气候,从现有能源的利用和新能源的开发两大方面谈能源合理利用与人类住区的可持续发展过程中应注意的问题,并提出相应的看法和建议。 相似文献
545.
A.D. Stoev P.V. Stoeva 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
This work presents the educational approach of using total solar eclipse occurrences as a scientific process learning aid. The work reviews the basic scientific aims and experiments included in the observational programs “Total solar eclipse 1999 and 2006” (Stoev, A., Kiskinova, N., Muglova, P. et al. Complex observational programme of the Yuri Gagarin Public Astronomical Observatory and STIL, BAS, Stara Zagora Department for the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse, in: Total Solar Eclipse 1999 – Observational Programmes and Coordination, Proceedings, Recol, Haskovo, pp. 133–137, 1999a (in Bulgarian); Stoeva, P.V., Stoev, A.D., Kostadinov, I.N. et al. Solar Corona and Atmospheric Effects during the March 29, 2006 Total Solar Eclipse, in: 11th International Science Conference SOLAR–Terrestrial Influences, Sofia, November 24–25, pp. 69–72, 2005). 相似文献
546.
Kalpana Chaudhary Babau R. Vishvakarma 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
The analysis of satellite solar power station (SSPS) is carried out for some specified locations (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru) in India and consequently the performance of the system is evaluated for geostationary earth orbit (GEO) based SSPS, low earth orbit (LEO) based SSPS and Molniya (quasi geostationary) orbit based SSPS for sites located at different latitudes. The analysis of power; received energy over a year and weight of the rectenna array for the same beam intensity showed varied results for Molniya orbit based SSPS, LEO based SSPS and GEO based SSPS. The power delivered by the LEO SSPS was highest which indicated that this SSPS may be efficient for the short term power requirement. However, it is observed from the results of the energy received over a year that the GEO based system is suitable for base load power plant as it is capable of delivering constant energy through out a year. Further, the weight of the rectenna and hence the space required for ground station for same power output is smallest for Molniya orbit based system for a range of rectenna array radius considered. It is thus envisaged that the Molniya orbit based system would be a better choice for commercial use of SSPS. These findings may help for judicious selection of satellite orbit and ground station location for placing the satellite for SSPS for various applications. 相似文献
547.
S.A. Wolff L.H. Coelho M. Zabrodina E. Brinckmann A.-I. Kittang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
Successful growth and development of higher plants in space rely on adequate availability and uptake of water and nutrients, and efficient energy distribution through photosynthesis and gas exchange. In the present review, literature has been reviewed to assemble the relevant knowledge within space plant research for future planetary missions. Focus has been on fractional gravity, space radiation, magnetic fields and ultimately a combined effect of these factors on gas exchange, photosynthesis and transport of water and solutes. 相似文献
548.
K. Labitzke 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):247-260
We have shown in several recent publications that it is necessary to group the meteorological data according to the phase
of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) throughout the year, in order to find a clear signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle (SSC). This work is summarized here. It is the purpose of this
paper (1) to update earlier results of the solar cycle – QBO relationship for the northern winter, (2) to stress the interaction
between the hemispheres and (3) to summarize the influence of the QBO on the solar variability signal, as well as the influence
of the solar variability signal on the QBO throughout the year. For this, the constructed annual mean of the solar cycle – QBO relationship is introduced. 相似文献
549.
L. Bengtsson 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):187-197
The climate response to changes in radiative forcing depends crucially on climate feedback processes, with the consequence
that solar and greenhouse gas forcing have both similar response patterns in the troposphere. This circumstance complicates
significantly the attribution of the causes of climate change. Additionally, the climate system displays a high level of unforced
intrinsic variability, and significant variations in the climate of many parts of the world are due to internal processes.
Such internal modes contribute significantly to the variability of climate system on various time scales, and thus compete
with external forcing in explaining the origin of past climate extremes. This highlights the need for independent observations
of solar forcing including long-term consistent observational records of the total and spectrally resolved solar irradiance.
The stratospheric response to solar forcing is different from its response to greenhouse gas forcing, thus suggesting that
stratospheric observations could offer the best target for the identification of the specific influence of solar forcing on
climate. 相似文献
550.
Sabri Mekaoui Steven Dewitte Christian Conscience André Chevalier 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Current measurements from DIARAD/VIRGO, PMO6V/VIRGO and ACRIM3 radiometers are of the same order of magnitude, but differ from TIM/SORCE by about 4.5 W m−2. This difference is higher than the sum of the claimed individual absolute uncertainties of the instruments. In this context, the SOLAR payload on the International Space Station embarks the SOVIM package. We give the results of the differential absolute radiometer DIARAD/SOVIM and discuss its associated uncertainties. Compared to DIARAD/VIRGO, all possible efforts have been made to improve the absolute accuracy. Substantial progress has been made in the aperture area and electrical power measurements. The measured TSI value from the left channel of DIARAD/SOVIM during three days of June 2008 is 1364.50 ± 1.38 W m−2 (Total) or ±0.49 W m−2 (if we combine the individual contributions in quadrature). The right channel gives 1364.75 W m−2 with the same uncertainties. These values are about 1.2 W m−2 lower than DIARAD/VIRGO and about 4 W m−2 higher than TIM/SORCE. The difference between the left and right channels measurements is as low as 0.25 W m−2 which is within the improved uncertainty limits. 相似文献