Impact of Solar Activity on Stratospheric Ozone and NO2 Observed by Gomos/Envisat

Energetic proton precipitation occurring during solar events can increase the production of odd nitrogen in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. A very intense solar proton event (SPE) occurred on 28 October 2003. Its impact on the composition of the middle atmosphere was observed in details due to the availability of several space instruments. Here we present GOMOS observations of a strong NO₂increase and a related ozone decrease in the upper stratosphere at north polar latitude. The perturbation of the chemical composition of the stratosphere was observed until the middle of December 2003. A strong NO₂ increase was also observed in the south polar vortex in June-July 2003. It is tentatively attributed to the effect of an SPE with protons of moderate energy occurring on 29 May 2003. If this hypothesis is confirmed, it will imply that the global effect of SPEs on the composition of the stratosphere is underestimated when only strong energy SPEs are considered.     

翼型—扰流片的分离气动特性计算

本文介绍了用涡面元法模拟带扰流片的翼型低速无粘分离绕流。在翼型和扰流片的面元上分布线性变化涡。在扰流片后的上下分离流线的面元上分布等强度的涡。上分离流线始自扰流片的梢部，下分离流线自翼型的后缘引出。分离所泡由两离散涡结尾。气泡内总压为常值，它与涡强大小一同求解。分离气泡的形状在迭代求解过程中确定。压强分布和升力系数的计算值与现存文献的数值结果和实验数据是一致的。     

推广的铆钉力法解对接桁条加劲板的应力强度因子

 本文通过两类带有对接桁条加劲板应力强度因子的求解,说明推广的铆钉力法及其应用,侧重地讨论了用Pars位移公式确定不规则含裂纹构件位移场的具体步骤。文中给出了两个实际算例的计算曲线,这一结果趋势合理,精度满足工程要求,可直接为工程应用服务。     

Heliospheric Physics: Linking the Sun to the Magnetosphere

Research into the heliospheric structure and its relation to the solar boundary is at an impasse. After successful predictions by Parker about the zeroth-order behavior of the heliospheric magnetic field and the solar wind, the heliospheric community struggles to make substantive progress toward a predictive model describing the connections between the Sun and its space environment, between the closed corona and the open corona extending to the planets. This is caused by our lack of understanding of the basic processes heating the corona and transporting open magnetic field. We detail the models used to describe this connectivity, from potential field source surface models to full MHD techniques. We discuss the current limitations of both approaches. Finally, we address a recent attempt to advance our understanding beyond these limitations. At this point in time the proposed theory remains controversial in the community, but it addresses important shortcomings of current approaches outlined above.     

面元法求解的一种新尝试

如何提高面元法的求解效率是面元法应用研究的一个重要课题。本文利用面元法积分核的变量分离技术及网格组合的网片串技术,对飞机气动力计算方面应用颇广的求解技术做了一定的改进,提出了一种面元法的快速算法,从在DEC7620机上运行的一个实例来看,其结果是令人满意的。     

神舟3号飞船上太阳辐射测量

2002年3月至9月间，用3台太阳辐照度绝对辐射计(SIAR)组装的太阳常数监测器在神舟3号飞船轨道舱上测量了太阳辐照度．改进了SIAR辐射计的锥腔结构，把电加热丝埋在薄锥腔壁中间，提高了绝对精度．采用了用宽视场辐射计飞船在轨运动中太阳扫过其视场期间进行测量的方法，测量值与美国EOS上ACRIM Ⅲ测量数据的最大偏差在0．2％以内．     

Absolute and Convective Instabilities of Circularly Polarized Alfvén Waves

We discuss the recent progress in studying the absolute and convective instabilities of circularly polarized Alfvén waves (pump waves) propagating along an ambient magnetic field in the approximation of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). We present analytical results obtained for pump waves with small dimensionless amplitude a, and compare them with numerical results valid for arbitrary a. The type of instability, absolute or convective, depends on the velocity U of the reference frame where the pump wave is observed with respect to the rest plasma. One of the main results of our analysis is that the instability is absolute when U _l < U < U _r and convective otherwise. We study the dependences of U _l and U _r on a and the ratio of the sound speed to the Alfvén speed b. We also present the results of calculation of the increment of the absolute instability on U for different values of a and b. When the instability is convective (U < U _l or U > U _r) we consider the signalling problem, and show that spatially amplifying waves exist only when the signalling frequency is in two symmetric frequency bands. Then, we write down the analytical expressions determining the boundaries of these frequency bands and discuss how they agree with numerically calculated values. We also present the dependences of the maximum spatial amplification rate on U calculated both analytically and numerically. The implication of the obtained results on the interpretation of observational data from space missions is discussed. In particular, it is shown that circularly polarized Alfvén waves propagating in the solar wind are convectively unstable in a reference frame of any realistic spacecraft.     

20世纪上海航天器电源技术的进展

较为系统地介绍了作为航天器电源的锌银电池组和硅太阳电池阵／镉镍蓄电池组联合供电系统的组成、主要性能参数及其技术特点。阐述了近半个世纪以来，上海航天技术研究院在航天器电源研制技术方面所取得的成就及其在国内卫星、飞船和国外卫星领域的应用情况。指出了航天器电源技术今后的发展方向。     

太阳电池阵深空探测适应性设计概论

随着近年来月球探测的推进,深空探测的论证,针对深空探测对太阳电池阵低温度、低光强、强辐射等环境的技术需求,以火星探测和木星探测太阳电池阵设计分析为例,通过任务环境特点分析,给出了特殊服役环境下太阳电池选型方法,方阵设计与验证建议,对国内深空探测太阳电池阵设计具有一定参考意义。     

Delineation of possible influence of solar variability and galactic cosmic rays on terrestrial climate parameters

The present paper has investigated the associations of solar activity (SA), represented by total solar irradiance (TSI), galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and terrestrial climate parameters in particular the global cloudiness and global surface temperature. To that end, we have analysed thirty five years (1983–2018) data of these parameters and have applied the Granger-causality test in order to assess whether there is any potential predictability power of one indicator to the other. The correlations among the involved parameters are tested using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model and variance decomposition method. As a result of the above analysis, we have found that the TSI is an important factor and has contributed about 8.77 ± 0.42% in the cosmic ray intensity variations. In case of cloud cover variations, the other three parameters (TSI, cosmic ray and global surface temperature) have played a significant role. Further, the TSI changes have contributed 1.68 ± 0.03% fluctuations in the variance of the cloud cover while the cosmic ray intensity and global surface temperature have contributed about 4.89 ± 0.08% and 10.87 ± 1.41% respectively. In case of the global surface temperature anomaly both TSI and cloud covers have contributed about 5.07 ± 0.47% and 14.42 ± 2.13% fluctuations respectively. Additionally, we have also assessed the impact of internal climate oscillations like multivariate ENSO index (MEI), north Atlantic oscillations (NAO) and quasi biennial oscillations (QBO) on cloud cover variations. The contribution of these internal oscillations e.g. ENSO, NAO and QBO in cloud cover variation were reported as 7.48 ± 1.02%, 5.51 ± 0.16% and 1.36 ± 0.43% respectively.