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291.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(9):2158-2166
In this study, the relationship between total electron content (TEC) and solar and geomagnetic parameters for Ankara station (39.7 N, 32.76 E), Turkey located in the mid-latitude ionosphere is investigated. In this context, F10.7 solar flux and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF) from solar parameters and Kp and Dst indices from geomagnetic parameters affecting on TEC are considered. The relationship between the variables is investigated by means of the statistical multiple regression model at the universal time (UT) (Local Time = UT + 2 h) 1200 and 2400 in the years when the 24th solar cycle was minimum (2007–2009) and maximum (2015). As a result, it is found that explainable rates by solar and geomagnetic parameters of TEC changes in 2007–2009 are lower than in 2015 at daytime, while the explainable rates in the solar minimum years are higher than those the maximum year at nighttime. To be higher than the solar maximum of explainable rate in the solar minimum years at nighttime may be related to the fact that the dynamics of the ionosphere is significantly different than expected in this deep minimum period. As expected in 2015, the relationship between TEC and independent parameters is greater at daytime than at nighttime. 相似文献
292.
293.
从工程实际出发对工程上常用的聚光器进行性能比较,可以得出适合太阳能火箭发动机(STP)的聚光器及其具有的性能优点。在研究此种聚光器设计方法的过程中,推导出相关公式和其中的关键技术,这对STP聚光器的工程设计具有重要的指导价值。 相似文献
294.
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber 《Space Science Reviews》2006,123(1-3):471-480
This workshop summary tries to distill the key difficulties and questions in the art of (I)CME physics and strategies to address
them. (I)CMEs are multi-dimensional, multi-parameter, and multi-scale phenomena related to the solar dynamo, corona, and heliosphere.
This workshop illustrates the immense progress made in describing and modeling these spectacular energetic solar events, but
also shows clear shortcomings in our understanding of them. 相似文献
295.
Rumi Nakamura 《Space Science Reviews》2006,124(1-4):91-101
Consequences of the solar wind input observed as large scale magnetotail dynamics during substorms are reviewed, highlighting
results from statistical studies as well as global magnetosphere/ionosphere observations. Among the different solar wind input
parameters, the most essential one to initiate reconnection relatively close to the Earth is a southward IMF or a solar wind
dawn-to-dusk electric field. Larger substorms are associated with such reconnection events closer to the Earth and the magnetotail
can accumulate larger amounts of energy before its onset. Yet, how and to what extent the magnetotail configuration before
substorm onset differs for different solar wind driver is still to be understood. A strong solar wind dawn-to-dusk electric
field is, however, only a necessary condition for a strong substorm, but not a sufficient one. That is, there are intervals
when the solar wind input is processed in the magnetotail without the usual substorm cycle, suggesting different modes of
flux transport. Furthermore, recent global observations suggest that the magnetotail response during the substorm expansion
phase can be also controlled by plasma sheet density, which is coupled to the solar wind on larger time-scales than the substorm
cycle. To explain the substorm dynamics it is therefore important to understand the different modes of energy, momentum, and
mass transport within the magnetosphere as a consequence of different types of solar wind-magnetosphere interaction with different
time-scales that control the overall magnetotail configuration, in addition to the internal current sheet instabilities leading
to large scale tail current sheet dissipation. 相似文献
296.
The forecast of the terrestrial ring current as a major contributor to the stormtime Dst index and a predictor of geomagnetic storms is of central interest to ‘space weather’ programs. We thus discuss the dynamical
coupling of the solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere during several geomagnetic storms using our ring current-atmosphere
interactions model and coordinated space-borne data sets. Our model calculates the temporal and spatial evolution of H+, O+, and He+ ion distribution functions considering time-dependent inflow from the magnetotail, adiabatic drifts, and outflow from the
dayside magnetopause. Losses due to charge exchange, Coulomb collisions, and scattering by EMIC waves are included as well.
As initial and boundary conditions we use complementary data sets from spacecraft located at key regions in the inner magnetosphere,
Polar and the geosynchronous LANL satellites. We present recent model simulations of the stormtime ring current energization
due to the enhanced large-scale convection electric field, which show the transition from an asymmetric to a symmetric ring
current during the storm and challenge the standard theories of (a) substorm-driven, and (b) symmetric ring current. Near
minimum Dst there is a factor of ∼ 10 variation in the intensity of the dominant ring current ion specie with magnetic local time, its
energy density reaching maximum in the premidnight to postmidnight region. We find that the O+ content of the ring current increases after interplanetary shocks and reaches largest values near Dst minimum; ∼ 60% of the total ring current energy was carried by O+ during the main phase of the 15 July 2000 storm. The effects of magnetospheric convection and losses due to collisions and
wave-particle interactions on the global ring current energy balance are calculated during different storm phases and intercompared.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
297.
M.-L Chanin 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):261-272
In the last 45 years I have studied the thermal structure of the atmosphere from the thermosphere down to the stratosphere,
and found evidence of its variability in relationship with the change of solar irradiation during the 11-year solar cycle.
I would review, in the light of recent model results, the measurements which I had made since the 1960s and which, for some
of them, did not find any explanation at the time of their publication. The data were obtained by two different techniques,
rockets and lidars and correspond to different regions of the atmosphere from the upper thermosphere to the stratosphere.
The expectation was until recently that the atmosphere should be warmed by an increase of solar flux in the course of the
solar cycle due to the increase of UV flux. It has been shown to be the case in the tropical stratosphere and at all latitudes
in the upper thermosphere. But, at high and mid latitudes and at other altitudes, the reverse situation was found to exist
and, until recently, this cooling observed in parts of the atmosphere with increasing solar flux had never been simulated
by models. In addition to reviewing our own data, the paper will present recent results using other dataset which support
our observations. It is only recently that we succeeded with a model able to tune the forcing by planetary waves at the tropopause
level and thus reproduce such behaviour. 相似文献
298.
We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal
perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the
sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley
cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform
heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be
associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation
in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing
to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development
of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability
at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer
of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress
anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating
of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause.
We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved. 相似文献
299.
秦超华 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2004,22(5):35-38
印制电路板的设计与装配焊接是电子产品开发和制造的重要环节。本文从印制电路板总体设计方案的构思、结构尺寸的确定、元器件及导线的布局、虚焊的目测和预防等方面进行了深入探讨。 相似文献
300.
Peter J. Cargill Loukas Vlahos Rim Turkmani Klaus Galsgaard Heinz Isliker 《Space Science Reviews》2006,124(1-4):249-259
Particle acceleration in large-scale turbulent coronal magnetic fields is considered. Using test particle calculations, it
is shown that both cellular automata and three dimensional MHD models lead to the production of relativistic particles on
sub-second timescales with power law distribution functions. In distinction with the monolithic current sheet models for solar
flares, particles gain energy by multiple interactions with many current sheets. Difficulties that need to be addressed, such
as feedback between particle acceleration and MHD, are discussed. 相似文献