Wind in the Solar Corona: Dynamics and Composition

The dynamics of the solar corona as observed during solar minimum with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer, UVCS, on SOHO is discussed. The large quiescent coronal streamers existing during this phase of the solar cycle are very likely composed by sub-streamers, formed by closed loops and separated by open field lines that are channelling a slow plasma that flows close to the heliospheric current sheet. The polar coronal holes, with magnetic topology significantly varying from their core to their edges, emit fast wind in their central region and slow wind close to the streamer boundary. The transition from fast to slow wind then appears to be gradual in the corona, in contrast with the sharp transition between the two wind regimes observed in the heliosphere. It is suggested that speed, abundance and kinetic energy of the wind are modulated by the topology of the coronal magnetic field. Energy deposition occurs both in the slow and fast wind but its effect on the kinetic temperature and expansion rate is different for the slow and fast wind.     

Understanding Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Signatures

While interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are understood to be the heliospheric counterparts of CMEs, with signatures undeniably linked to the CME process, the variability of these signatures and questions about mapping to observed CME features raise issues that remain on the cutting edge of ICME research. These issues are discussed in the context of traditional understanding, and recent results using innovative analysis techniques are reviewed.     

复合材料加筋板剪切后屈曲分析与优化设计

为了充分利用复合材料加筋板的后屈曲承载能力,针对复合材料加筋板的后屈曲行为开展优化设计方法的研究具有重要意义。详细探讨了筋条尺寸及密度等参数对承受面内剪切载荷作用下的复合材料双向加筋板屈曲后屈曲的影响规律。建立了复合材料加筋板考虑后屈曲响应的结构分级优化方法:在一级优化中以结构几何尺寸为设计变量,使用响应面法(RSM)拟合出结构后屈曲响应的全局近似函数,结果显示,加筋缘条的宽度及加筋的密度对屈曲承载能力有重要影响;在二级优化中采用遗传算法(GA)对复合材料铺层顺序进行优化,经过两级优化后的复合材料加筋板相比于初始设计在质量减少了3%的同时,线性屈曲位移提高了8.86倍,线性屈曲模态由局部屈曲改善为整体屈曲,同时结构的后屈曲承载能力提高了8.7%。基于解决旅行商问题(TSP)的遗传算法被调整用于固定铺层厚度的复合材料铺层顺序优化问题,经优化,结构线性屈曲特征值提高了12.76%,表明了优化方法的可行性。     

轴压载荷下复合材料薄壁加筋板后屈曲承载能力分析与试验验证

为了研究复合材料薄壁加筋板结构的后屈曲承载能力以及影响后屈曲的主要因素,应用Abaqus软件对三种构型下的薄壁加筋板进行了有限元分析,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明,复合材料薄壁加筋板结构在轴向压缩载荷下具有较大的后屈曲承载能力,有限元分析与试验得出的试验件后屈曲载荷均为初始屈曲载荷的7倍左右,蒙皮的厚度及筋条间距对加筋板的后屈曲承载能力影响不大,加筋板的后屈曲承载能力主要取决于筋条的刚度。在飞机结构设计中,可以充分利用薄壁加筋板结构的后屈曲承载能力来提高结构使用效率。     

先进复合材料薄壁加筋板轴压屈曲特性及后屈曲承载性能

对国产先进复合材料薄壁加筋板结构进行了轴向压缩试验.通过监测典型位置的应变和离面位移,研究了该型加筋板的轴压屈曲及后屈曲性能.应用工程算法对试验件的蒙皮初始屈曲载荷和屈曲模态进行了预测,试验结果表明,该型加筋板的轴压屈曲形式依次是筋条间蒙皮的初始屈曲、部分蒙皮的二次屈曲以及4根筋条的柱屈曲;蒙皮发生屈曲后,蒙皮承担的部分载荷转移至筋条,使筋条成为主要承力部分,当筋条发生断裂后,试验件迅速整体破坏;其破坏载荷平均值为482.67 kN,屈曲载荷的平均值为204 kN,前者为后者的2.37倍,说明该型结构具有很大的后屈曲承载空间.     

无人机复合材料壁板Z-pin工艺技术研究

介绍了Z-pin在无人复合材料壁板中的应用及复合材料Z-pin的拉挤工艺,利用热压罐和真空袋压整体Z-pin嵌入工艺,在无人机复合材料层板、板筋结构件、复合材料胶接连接件及泡沫夹层中的应用。对于板件在保持面内抗拉强度的同时,提高无人机复合材料壁板的层间断裂韧性及损伤容限,有效改善了复合材料蒙皮的抗冲击性能。     

一种空间有源太阳翼铰链机构设计与研究

针对某空间微纳卫星太阳翼铰链机构的任务需求,设计了一种采用空间步进电机、无刷旋变、减速机构、微动开关、可重复部署展收和锁定的适应空间应用环境的轻质小型化、高可靠太阳翼铰链机构,开展了整机模态参数分析,并完成了工程样机试验验证。试验结果表明,该机构具有较高的定位精度、较大的负载能力和较好的环境适应性,可为后续空间有源微纳卫星太阳翼铰链机构研制提供参考。     

Alice: The rosetta Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph

We describe the design, performance and scientific objectives of the NASA-funded ALICE instrument aboard the ESA Rosetta asteroid flyby/comet rendezvous mission. ALICE is a lightweight, low-power, and low-cost imaging spectrograph optimized for cometary far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy. It will be the first UV spectrograph to study a comet at close range. It is designed to obtain spatially-resolved spectra of Rosetta mission targets in the 700–2050 Å spectral band with a spectral resolution between 8 Å and 12 Å for extended sources that fill its ～0.05^ × 6.0^ field-of-view. ALICE employs an off-axis telescope feeding a 0.15-m normal incidence Rowland circle spectrograph with a toroidal concave holographic reflection grating. The microchannel plate detector utilizes dual solar-blind opaque photocathodes (KBr and CsI) and employs a two-dimensional delay-line readout array. The instrument is controlled by an internal microprocessor. During the prime Rosetta mission, ALICE will characterize comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's coma, its nucleus, and nucleus/coma coupling; during cruise to the comet, ALICE will make observations of the mission's two asteroid flyby targets and of Mars, its moons, and of Earth's moon. ALICE has already successfully completed the in-flight commissioning phase and is operating well in flight. It has been characterized in flight with stellar flux calibrations, observations of the Moon during the first Earth fly-by, and observations of comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) in 2004 and comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the 2005 Deep Impact comet-collision observing campaign.     

Determination of Sulfur Abundance in the Solar Wind

Solar chemical abundances are determined by comparing solar photospheric spectra with synthetic ones obtained for different sets of abundances and physical conditions. Although such inferred results are reliable, they are model dependent. Therefore, one compares them with the values for the local interstellar medium (LISM). The argument is that they must be similar, but even for LISM abundance determinations models play a fundamental role (i.e., temperature fluctuations, clumpiness, photon leaks). There are still two possible comparisons—one with the meteoritic values and the second with solar wind abundances. In this work we derive a first estimation of the solar wind element ratios of sulfur relative to calcium and magnesium, two neighboring low-FIP elements, using 10 years of CELIAS/MTOF data. We compare the sulfur abundance with the abundance determined from spectroscopic observations and from solar energetic particles. Sulfur is a moderately volatile element, hence, meteoritic sulfur may be depleted relative to non-volatile elements, if compared to its original solar system value.     

RPC-ICA: The Ion Composition Analyzer of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA) is part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC). ICA is designed to measure the three-dimensional distribution function of positive ions in order to study the interaction between the solar wind and cometary particles. The instrument has a mass resolution high enough to resolve the major species such as protons, helium, oxygen, molecular ions, and heavy ions characteristic of dusty plasma regions. ICA consists of an electrostatic acceptance angle filter, an electrostatic energy filter, and a magnetic momentum filter. Particles are detected using large diameter (100 mm) microchannel plates and a two-dimensional anode system. ICA has its own processor for data reduction/compression and formatting. The energy range of the instrument is from 25 eV to 40 keV and an angular field-of-view of 360° × 90° is achieved through electrostatic deflection of incoming particles.