方向舵蒙皮的壁板颤振分析

针对某飞机出现的方向舵蒙皮壁板颤振故障引发的振动疲劳裂纹问题，进行了相关的分析计算和修改方案。利用MSC．NASTRAN软件，建立了计算壁板颤振的有限元模型，取前15阶固有振动模态构建模态坐标系下的颤振方程。选用ZONA51超声速气动力计算程序分析壁板的气动力，采用空气密度折半的方法来模拟壁板单面承受气动力的情况。计算结果表明，方向舵蒙皮发生了壁板颤振。通过对方向舵蒙皮结构修改方案的进一步分析，表明修改方案能够满足壁板防颤振设计的要求，并且具有相当大的安全裕量。     

Multidecadal Signal of Solar Variability in the Upper Troposphere During the 20th Century

Studies based on data from the past 25–45 years show that irradiance changes related to the 11-yr solar cycle affect the circulation of the upper troposphere in the subtropics and midlatitudes. The signal has been interpreted as a northward displacement of the subtropical jet and the Ferrel cell with increasing solar irradiance. In model studies on the 11-yr solar signal this could be related to a weakening and at the same time broadening of the Hadley circulation initiated by stratospheric ozone anomalies. Other studies, focusing on the direct thermal effect at the Earth’s surface on multidecadal scales, suggest a strengthening of the Hadley circulation induced by an increased equator-to-pole temperature gradient. In this paper we analyse the solar signal in the upper troposphere since 1922, using statistical reconstructions based on historical upper-air data. This allows us to address the multidecadal variability of solar irradiance, which was supposedly large in the first part of the 20th century. Using a simple regression model we find a consistent signal on the 11-yr time scale which fits well with studies based on later data. We also find a significant multidecadal signal that is similar to the 11-yr signal, but somewhat stronger. We interpret this signal as a poleward shift of the subtropical jet and the Ferrel cell. Comparing the magnitude of the two signals could provide important information on the feedback mechanisms involved in the solar climate relationship with respect to the Hadley and Ferrel circulations. However, in view of the uncertainty in the solar irradiance reconstructions, such interpretations are not currently possible.     

Propagation of interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere

This paper is devoted to the study of propagation of disturbances caused by interplanetary shocks (IPS) through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using simultaneous observations of various fast forward shocks by different satellites in the solar wind, magnetosheath and magnetosphere from 1995 till 2002, we traced the interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere, we calculated the velocity of their propagation into the Earth’s magnetosphere and analyzed fronts of the disturbances. From the onset of disturbances at different satellites in the magnetosphere we obtained speed values ranging from 500 to 1300 km/s in the direction along the IP shock normal, that is in a general agreement with results of previous numerical MHD simulations. The paper discusses in detail a sequence of two events on November 9th, 2002. For the two cases we estimated the propagation speed of the IP shock caused disturbance between the dayside and nightside magnetosphere to be 590 km/s and 714–741 km/s, respectively. We partially attributed this increase to higher Alfven speed in the outer magnetosphere due to the compression of the magnetosphere as a consequence of the first event, and partially to the faster and stronger driving interplanetary shock. High-time resolution GOES magnetic field data revealed a complex structure of the compressional wave fronts at the dayside geosynchronous orbit during these events, with initial very steep parts (10 s). We discuss a few possible mechanisms of such steep front formation in the paper.     

板和型材均含有裂纹的加筋板应力强度因子计算

本文应用复变应力函数和分区广义变分原理,提出了确定型材和板有裂纹的加筋板应力强度因子的计算方法。采用复变应力函数使裂纹的边界条件精确地得到满足,应用分区广义变分原理使其它边界条件近似地得到满足。本文应用加筋条为角材,其中一根角材含有边缘裂纹,板含有中心裂纹的加筋板,在垂直裂纹平面的远处受均匀拉伸载荷为例,给出了应力强度因子的计算公式。对一特定的结构参数,给出了应力强度因子随裂纹长度变化曲线。     

基于驱动机构作动的太阳翼振动控制原理与实验研究

针对航天器在调姿或变轨过程中太阳翼长时间、低频振动引起航天器系统无法正常工作的问题,以太阳翼自身驱动机构为作动器,提供反馈控制力,进行振动抑制。在原理性研究的基础上,建立了贴近工程实际的真实尺寸太阳翼有限元模型,改进了控制算法,实现了太阳翼在振动控制结束后的正确复位,并利用动力学缩比模型对振动抑制方法的有效性开展了实验验证。结果表明:该方法不需引入额外的非有效载荷,能够在保证太阳翼不偏离目标位置的同时,有效抑制太阳翼的低频振动。     

空间站对日定向装置半物理试验台关键技术

为有效模拟空间站对日定向装置驱动性能受柔性太阳翼的扰动,验证对日定向装置驱动控制性能,采用半物理试验技术对对日定向装置进行地面试验考核。设计超高刚度及运动误差无附加力自适应的半物理试验台,对支撑连接机构和加载单元进行有限元分析与刚度测试;建立大尺度柔性太阳翼的动力学模型,并采用Wilson θ法进行动力学模型的实时数值求解;运用跟踪微分法对对日定向装置低速运行下的角速度和角加速度进行估计;最后通过对半物理试验台的响应精度、加载有效性进行仿真和试验考核,结果表明试验台加载力矩幅值为 0~ 85 Nm、频率为0.01~3 Hz时,绝对精度优于0.85 Nm,相对精度优于1%,从而验证了半物理试验台对太阳翼扰动载荷模拟的真实有效性,可实现对日定向装置的性能测试。     

基于Stateflow的自动飞行模式转换逻辑研究

现代民用飞机的自动飞行模式有很多种,且各模式间相互关联和影响,容易造成模式转换的混乱。为解决模式转换的混乱问题,对自动飞行模式转换逻辑进行了研究,分别梳理了飞行指引、自动驾驶仪以及横向和纵向模式转换关系。利用Stateflow搭建了自动飞行各功能的模式转换模型,同时利用Matlab的GUI搭建仿真的飞行控制板和自动飞行模式显示界面,模拟仿真飞机的自动飞行模式转换功能。最后通过预期的模式转换矩阵的方式验证平台中模式转换的正确性。     

航天器柔性太阳翼最优PPF主动振动抑制方法

针对采用可变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)进行柔性太阳翼振动抑制问题,提出一种基于求解非光滑 H∞ 综合问题的最优参数正位置反馈(PPF)控制方法。首先,建立考虑VSCMG和柔性太阳翼耦合的振动模型,得到了线性化的约束陀螺柔性板动力学模型,基于同位控制思想推导了以角度陀螺为测量装置的约束陀螺柔性板全阶状态空间模型。针对被控对象特性,确定最优PPF控制器的结构构型和待优化参数。进而,通过对约束陀螺柔性板全阶状态空间模型进行降阶、修正和加权处理,将PPF控制器参数优化问题转化为在PPF控制器构型约束条件下的非光滑H∞综合问题,并应用一阶下降算法进行寻优求解,实现最优PPF控制器的设计。该方法能够实现对各阶陀螺模态的独立控制,在保证快速性和鲁棒性的前提下,实现最优PPF参数的稳定高效求解。仿真结果表明,所提出的最优PPF控制方法能够快速、鲁棒地实现航天器柔性太阳翼的主动振动抑制。     

InxGa1-xAs材料在多结空间太阳电池中的应用进展

In_xGa_(1-x)As材料具有独特的物理特性,可以通过调节In和Ga的组分来改变材料的带隙宽度Eg。该材料自进入多结空间太阳电池领域以来,就受到了广泛的关注。因此,In_xGa_(1-x)As材料有望成为未来多结空间太阳电池领域中的重要研究对象。本文首先介绍了InGaAs材料的生长工艺及其在多结空间太阳电池领域中的应用情况和研究现状,同时讨论了材料的外延生长工艺以获得高质量含InGaAs材料的多结太阳电池。此外,介绍了近年来InGaAs材料在高效多结空间太阳电池领域的研究进展,并对其抗辐照性能进行了简述。大量研究表明:InGaAs材料的使用可以进一步提升多结空间太阳电池的光电转换效率,达到提升卫星有效载荷的目的。     

无线输电技术与卫星太阳能电站的发展前景

文章简要叙述了无线输电和卫星太阳能电站的概念,特别强调了无线输电技术和建造卫星太阳能电站的科学技术意义和深远的战略意义;扼要介绍分析了国外在该领域的研究进展;概括叙述了建造卫星太阳能电站的技术经济性及科技界共同关心的几个问题;充分肯定了它的科学技术研究价值、应用前景和未来所带来的巨大的社会经济效益。