阵列高分辨方位估计方法统计性能分析

在简要回顾近年来阵列高分辨定向技术发展的基础上,从算法机理出发,对目前出现的各种高分辨定向算法进行合理分类。重点对一批典型算法的多目标定向性能进行统计分析,并利用统一的仿真模型对它们的估计精度和分辨能力进行比较,结论为：MUSIC,Mini-Norm两种方法的实用性较强,而WSF,IMP,TLS-ESPRIT等方法具有较高的理论研究价值,有待进一步开拓其实用性。     

Solar Irradiance Variability Since 1978

Since November 1978 a set of total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from space is available, yielding a time series of more than 25 years. Presently, there are three TSI composites available, called PMOD, ACRIM and IRMB, which are all constructed from the same original data, but use different procedures to correct for sensitivity changes. The PMOD composite is the only one which also corrects the early HF data for degradation. The results from the detailed analysis of the VIRGO radiometry allow a good understanding of the effects influencing the long-term behaviour of classical radiometers in space. Thus, a re-analysis of the behaviour of HF/NIMBUS-7 and ACRIM-I/SMM was indicated. For the former the situation is complicated by the fact that there are no in-flight means to determine changes due to exposure to solar radiation by comparison with a less exposed radiometer on the same spacecraft. The geometry and optical property of the cavity of HF is, however, very similar to the PMO6-type radiometers, so the behaviour of the PMO6V radiometers on VIRGO can be used as a model. ACRIM-I had to be revised mainly due to a henceforth undetected early increase and a more detailed analysis of its degradation. The results are not only important for solar radiometry from space, but they also provide a more reliable TSI during cycle 21. The differences between the revised PMOD composite and the ACRIM and IRMB are discussed by comparison with a TSI reconstruction from Kitt-Peak magnetograms. As the PMOD composite is the only one which has reliable data for cycle 21, the behaviour of the three solar cycles can now be compared and the similarities and differences discussed.     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

原子氧对Kapton／Al薄膜性能影响研究

模拟空间环境下原子氧辐照条件,通过采用固定的原子氧束流密度进行不同时间辐照试验,研究了温控涂层材料Kapton/Al薄膜的质量损失、光学性能、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的演化规律.试验结果表明,原子氧对材料的剥蚀量与原子氧的作用时间成正比例关系.材料辐照后太阳吸收率发生明显变化,而辐射率几乎不发生变化.辐照后试样表面的粗糙度,是影响太阳吸收率变化主要因素.随着辐照时间的增长,材料表面粗糙度增加,导致太阳吸收率增大.     

一种基于FPGA的全帧率图像处理方法

针对图像算法在FPGA内的硬件化实现问题,提出了一种全帧率处理的思路,并提供了两种具体的可供参考的设计方法——基于像素流缓冲的卷积核处理技术和基于相邻图像帧相关性的图像参数提取技术。通过其可以方便地设计并实现大部分空间域图像处理算法及其任意组合的硬件逻辑电路,并达到与图像输入帧率相同的处理速度。以Canny算子的硬件化实现为例验证了设计理念。实验结果表明,全帧率图像方法具有可操作性强、实时性好、符合结构化模块化设计的特点,特别适合于对实时性要求高的嵌入式视觉系统。     

轴流风扇/压气机管道周向声模态的测量

利用管道内部周向均匀分布的麦克风阵列对某单级风扇在高背景噪声和较大硬壁反射条件下的管道周向声模态进行了实验测量.利用与参考信号互相关(CC)模态分解技术和传统的方均根(RMS)模态分解技术得到了主要的周向声模态振幅.通过与Tyler和Sofrin的理论分析对比,发现在高背景噪声和较大硬壁反射条件下,两种模态分解技术都能获得较为理想的模态分解结果;并且发现CC模态分解技术获得的模态振幅较低,初步分析这是由于和RMS模态分解技术相比,CC模态分解技术可以降低随机噪声对模态振幅分解结果的影响.此外,周向麦克风个数大于所要分解周向声模态阶数的4倍时,使用CC模态分解技术获得的模态振幅误差可以控制在1dB之内.      

基于传声器阵列的航空发动机噪声源识别研究

为了实现新一代发动机的噪声源识别技术,对于测试所得到的民用飞机发动机的整体噪声数据,通过部件噪声分解方法,将其分解到各个部件,并且认识当代民用飞机发动机噪声源的基本特征.开发出利用发动机整机噪声数据的噪声源识别系统,采用反卷积法将波束成型法的结果作为中间声源,从中获取所需要的声源信息,使得最终的结果更加准确.通过获取的发动机整机噪声数据,验证传声器阵列技术的可行性,并且证明了系统的可行性和有效性.     

Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Real-Time Specifications of the Geospace Environment

We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion algorithms, which calculate the two-dimensional distribution of the ionospheric parameters. One of the goals of this program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment in terms of ionospheric processes, providing the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and statistical models provide. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.