Experimental study of hysteresis and catastrophe in a cavity-based scramjet combustor

Hystereses and catastrophes were experimentally investigated in a cavity-based scramjet combustor. The inflow Mach number was 3.0. Fuel Equivalence Ratio(ER) was continuously regulated with multi-steps to explore influences of historical regulation directions on combustion states. Two divided hysteresis loops with catastrophes were observed. By 1-D flow estimations,the first loop occurred with shock-free/separated scramjet mode transitions, while the second kept in the separated scramjet mode. T...     

Influence of shock attenuation on tailored operation in free piston shock tunnels

The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.     

NEW APPROACH TO OBTAIN SPACE-TIME CONSERVATION SCHEMES

Inordertoovercometheseverallimitationsofthetraditionalmetheds,anewnumericalmethodofspace-timeconservationelementandsolutionelement(CE/SE)forsolvingconser-vationlawswasdevelopedbyChang['j.Thismethoddifferssubstantiallyinbothconceptandmethedologyfromthewell-establishedmethodslsuchasfinitedifference,finiteelement,etc.,andithasmanynontraditionalfeatures.First,spaceandtimeareunifiedandtreatedonthesamefooting,andbytheintroductionofconservationelementandsolutionelement,bothlocalandglobalfluxconserv…     

Simulations of pickup-ion acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks

We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.     

Composition of anomalous cosmic rays and implications for the heliosphere

We use energy spectra of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) measured with the Cosmic Ray instrument on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft during the period 1994/157-313 to determine several parameters of interest to heliospheric studies. We estimate that the strength of the solar wind termination shock is 2.42 (–0.08, +0.04). We determine the composition of ACRs by estimating their differential energy spectra at the shock and find the following abundance ratios: H/He = 5.6 (–0.5, ⁺0.6), C/He = 0.00048 ± 0.00011, N/He = 0.011 ± 0.001, O/He = 0.075 ± 0.006, and Ne/He = 0.0050 ± 0.0004. We correlate our observations with those of pickup ions to deduce that the long-term ionization rate of neutral nitrogen at 1 AU is 8.3 × 10^–7 s^–1 and that the charge-exchange cross section for neutral N and solar wind protons is 1.0 × 10^–15 cm² at 1.1 keV. We estimate that the neutral C/He ratio in the outer heliosphere is 1.8(–0.7, +0.9) × 10^–5. We also find that heavy ions are preferentially injected into the acceleration process at the termination shock.     

跨声速翼型激波／边界层干扰被动控制的数值模拟计算

本文应用数值计算的方法着重研究了跨声速翼型开孔壁的减阻效果。计算采用了边界层与位流相互作用的模型,藉以了解开孔壁对激波强度及结构的影响和对边界层控制的效果。通过对NACA0012翼型的计算表明,本文采用的自然吹吸的开孔模型能够显著地削弱激波的强度,改善激波的结构,但会使粘性损失增加。在马赫数较小时,翼型开孔后总阻力会增加,而在大马赫数时,开孔翼型的减阻效果才表现出来。这种趋势是与实验结果相吻合的。     

双重加权实质无波动激波捕捉格式

本文构造了一种新的加权激波捕捉格式，命名为双重加权实质无波动(Double Weighted Essentially Non—Oscillatory，简称DWENO)格式。DWENO格式不需要引进最优权值，并且可以递推地达到任意高阶精度。文中给出了典型算例的计算结果，这些结果表明DWENO格式具有高于WENO格式的间断分辨率。     

楔—后掠柱激波干扰流场和热流的工程算法

本文针对航天飞机机翼前缘的简化模型,即楔-后掠柱模型,在大后掠、高超声速条件下,提供了一种计算柱体前缘激波干扰流场和热流的工程计算方法。在中国科技大学流体力学实验室的激波风洞中取得了激波干扰的流场显示结果。计算的结果与国内外实验数据的比较表明,这是一种有效的方法。     

修正的跨声速小扰动方程以及与其相容的激波方程

本文给出了与修正的跨声速小扰动(MSD)方程相容的激波方程,计算证明它的极曲线与精确的激波极曲线十分接近。     

航空火箭发射器振动冲击试验参数探讨

 <正> 80年代以前,我国研制生产了多种火箭发射器。训练实践及实战证明,参照苏联OTY标准确定的振动、冲击试验参数研制的发射器,结构满足了使用要求,安全可靠,使用维护方便,产品性能达到了当时国际先进水平。而80年代初,我国又参照国外有关标准,新制订了《航空火箭发射筒通用技术条件》(HB5525-80),其中对火箭发射器的振动强度试验与着陆冲击试验参数的规定过于严酷。表1列出了苏联OTY标准与HB5525-80两个文件中关于振动、冲击的试验参数对照。可以看出,后者的振动时间是前者的7.4倍,冲击次数是前者的6.6倍。因此,对HB5525-80文件的规定,值得探讨。