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91.
Radar Imaging of Mercury 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John K. Harmon 《Space Science Reviews》2007,132(2-4):307-349
Earth-based radar has been one of the few, and one of the most important, sources of new information about Mercury during
the three decades since the Mariner 10 encounters. The emphasis during the past 15 years has been on full-disk, dual-polarization
imaging of the planet, an effort that has been facilitated by the development of novel radar techniques and by improvements
in radar systems. Probably the most important result of the imaging work has been the discovery and mapping of radar-bright
features at the poles. The radar scattering properties of these features, and their confinement to permanently shaded crater
floors, is consistent with volume backscatter from a low-loss volatile such as clean water ice. Questions remain, however,
regarding the source and long-term stability of the putative ice, which underscores the need for independent confirmation
by other observational methods. Radar images of the non-polar regions have also revealed a plethora of bright features, most
of which are associated with fresh craters and their ejecta. Several very large impact features, with rays and other bright
ejecta spreading over distances of 1,000 km or more, have been traced to source craters with diameters of 80–125 km. Among
these large rayed features are some whose relative faintness suggests that they are being observed in an intermediate stage
of degradation. Less extended ray/ejecta features have been found for some of the freshest medium-size craters such as Kuiper
and Degas. Much more common are smaller (<40 km diameter) fresh craters showing bright rim-rings but little or no ray structure.
These smaller radar-bright craters are particularly common over the H-7 quadrangle. Diffuse areas of enhanced depolarized
brightness have been found in the smooth plains, including the circum-Caloris planitiae and Tolstoj Basin. This is an interesting
finding, as it is the reverse of the albedo contrast seen between the radar-dark maria and the radar-bright cratered highlands
on the Moon. 相似文献
92.
针对传统侦察星座目标单一、弹性低的问题,提出了多等级区域侦察弹性星座的设计方法。该方法将星座设计过程按区域等级信息分为多个子星座逐步设计,直到整体星座对所有的区域性能满足设计要求。以区域被划分为3个等级为例,首先对星座设计需求、设计指标及设计步骤进行了分析。其次推导了地面最低分辨率和轨道高度的关系并确定了不同子星座的轨道高度。最后考虑轨道倾角、一箭多星发射、光照和升交点漂移同步约束,构建基础星座、子星座1和子星座2的优化模型。最终设计星座为3层混合星座,共8个轨道面和70颗卫星,星座对各等级区域的最大重访时间分别为10937s,12241s和17437s,弹性指数为2213%,2420%和6361%。结果表明该方法设计的星座可实现对区域覆盖和弹性分级的设计要求,证明了方法的有效性。对比Walker星座设计方法,在同等设计要求下,Walker星座所需卫星数为156颗,多等级区域侦察弹性星座所需卫星数远低于Walker星座,结果进一步证明了该星座设计方法的优越性。 相似文献
93.
Qiang Zhang Qile Zhao 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(3):1214-1226
Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map. 相似文献
94.
M. Pietrella A. Pignalberi M. Pezzopane A. Pignatelli A. Azzarone R. Rizzi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(10):2569-2584
Three-dimensional (3-D) electron density matrices, computed in the Mediterranean area by the IRI climatological model and IRIEup and ISP nowcasting models, during some intense and severe geomagnetic-ionospheric storms, were ingested by the ray tracing software tool IONORT, to synthesize quasi-vertical ionograms. IRIEup model was run in different operational modes: (1) assimilating validated autoscaled electron density profiles only from a limited area which, in our case, is the Mediterranean sector (IRIEup_re(V) mode); (2) assimilating electron density profiles from a larger region including several stations spread across Europe: (a) without taking care of validating the autoscaled data in the assimilation process (IRIEup(NV)); (b) validating carefully the autoscaled electron density profiles before their assimilation (IRIEup(V)).The comparative analysis was carried out comparing IRI, IRIEup_re(V), ISP, IRIEup(NV), and IRIEup(V) foF2 synthesized values, with corresponding foF2 measurements autoscaled by ARTIST, and then validated, at the truth sites of Roquetes (40.80°N, 0.50°E, Spain), San Vito (40.60°N, 17.80°E, Italy), Athens (38.00°N, 23.50°E, Greece), and Nicosia, (35.03°N, 33.16°E, Cyprus). The outcomes demonstrate that: (1) IRIEup_re(V), performs better than ISP in the western Mediterranean (around Roquetes); (2) ISP performs slightly better than IRIEup_re(V) in the central part of Mediterranean (around Athens and San Vito); (3) ISP performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one in the eastern Mediterranean (around Nicosia); (4) IRIEup(NV) performance is worse than the IRIEup(V) one; (5) in the central Mediterranean area, IRIEup(V) performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one, and it is practically the same for the western and eastern sectors.Concerning the overall performance, nowcasting models proved to be considerably more reliable than the climatological IRI model to represent the ionosphere behaviour during geomagnetic-ionospheric storm conditions; ISP and IRIEup(V) provided the best performance, but neither of them has clearly prevailed over the other one. 相似文献
95.
96.
Kohei Fujimoto Daniel J. Scheeres Johannes Herzog Thomas Schildknecht 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The direct Bayesian admissible region approach is an a priori state free measurement association and initial orbit determination technique for optical tracks. In this paper, we test a hybrid approach that appends a least squares estimator to the direct Bayesian method on measurements taken at the Zimmerwald Observatory of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Bern. Over half of the association pairs agreed with conventional geometric track correlation and least squares techniques. The remaining pairs cast light on the fundamental limits of conducting tracklet association based solely on dynamical and geometrical information. 相似文献
97.
本文利用北京天文台提供的高空间分辨率的活动区纵场磁图对1988年的18个活动区进行分析研究,以寻求强SWF耀斑的先兆.结果表明,一磁流在异极性磁流区浮现,同极性磁流合并、异极性磁流侵入和纵向磁场强度剧增4种磁位形演化与强SWF耀斑有密切关系。文中还用1988年9—10月份的25个活动区的磁图和耀斑资料佐证上面的结果。 相似文献
98.
太阳电子事件粒子源区的位置 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对ISEE-3的引个太阳电子事件资料,进行了系统地分析。通过Saha平衡模型分别计算了高Fe事件和贫Fe事件源区的平衡温度大小,指出两类事件粒子源区不相重合,高Fe事件的粒子源区位于高色球层,贫Fe事件粒子源区在色球层-日冕之间的过渡区。对高Fe事件和贫Fe事件的形成作了初步的设想。 相似文献
99.
100.
为更有效地发挥ASP会话机制的灵活性,克服其易暴露敏感信息和被盗用的安全弱点.通过对ASP会话机制的详细分析论述,从深层次探讨了该机制在应用中所受的限制、面临的问题以及工作特征,运用这些特性可编制高效的ASP应用程序并构建安全可靠的Web服务器。 相似文献