一种航天测控系统可靠性定量化计算方法

航天测控系统具有动态性、复杂性、可维修性、阶段间相关性等显著特征,作为航天器安全在轨运行的重要保障,其可靠性至关重要。针对航天测控系统可靠性精确计算的难点,提出了综合马尔可夫（Markov）模型和全概率思想的复杂、动态系统可靠性定量化计算方法,给出了计算流程。按照系统的动态组成特性,将任务进程划分为多个阶段,阶段内参试状态不变,不同阶段之间参试状态不同。借鉴Markov模型描述阶段内状态转移过程,通过求解Kolmogorov后向方程得到本阶段结束时的状态概率,利用全概率思想实现阶段间状态映射,体现阶段间的依赖性,依次对各阶段求解获取整个任务可靠性,具有求解准确度高、结果可信度高等特点。最后给出算例,通过与蒙特卡洛仿真结果的比对校验Markov方法的准确性。     

基于高分卫星姿态监测的姿态参数算法优化

目前航天测绘相机几何参数的在轨标定通常经由地面检校场数据处理完成。然而,由于一次摄影中难以保证获取的地面检校场影像完整,使得在轨标定周期较长,进而导致实时监测与标定非常困难。“高分十四号”卫星搭载了一种新的姿态测定系统,利用高精度的相机光轴监测实现对相机几何参数的在轨实时标定。文章在此基础上对高分卫星星地相机间夹角在轨解算方案进行了优化,并基于数值仿真和在轨实测数据进行了分析,结果显示优化算法可以进一步提高影像内定向稳定度和最终的定位精度,未来有望在高精度立体测绘应用中发挥重要作用。     

Upgrading CCIR's foF2 maps using available ionosondes and genetic algorithms

We have developed a new approach towards a new database of the ionospheric parameter $f_{o}F2$. This parameter, being the frequency of the maximum of the ionospheric electronic density profile and its main modeller, is of great interest not only in atmospheric studies but also in the realm of radio propagation. The current databases, generated by CCIR (Committee Consultative for Ionospheric Radiowave propagation) and URSI (International Union of Radio Science), and used by the IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model, are based on Fourier expansions and have been built in the 60s from the available ionosondes at that time. The main goal of this work is to upgrade the databases by using new available ionosonde data. To this end we used the IRI diurnal/spherical expansions to represent the $f_{o}F2$ variability, and computed its coefficients by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). In order to test the performance of the proposed methodology, we applied it to the South American region with data obtained by RAPEAS (Red Argentina para el Estudio de la Atmósfera Superior, i.e. Argentine Network for the Study of the Upper Atmosphere) during the years 1958–2009. The new GA coefficients provide a global better fit of the IRI model to the observed $f_{o}F2$ than the CCIR coefficients. Since the same formulae and the same number of coefficients were used, the overall integrity of IRI’s typical ionospheric feature representation was preserved. The best improvements with respect to CCIR are obtained at low solar activities, at large (in absolute value) modip latitudes, and at night-time. The new method is flexible in the sense that can be applied either globally or regionally. It is also very easy to recompute the coefficients when new data is available. The computation of a third set of coefficients corresponding to days of medium solar activity in order to avoid the interpolation between low and high activities is suggested. The same procedure as for $f_{o}F2$ can be perfomed to obtain the ionospheric parameter M(3000)F2.     

一种新型陀螺的力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法

为提高磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）对陀螺载体姿态的敏感精度,基于其洛伦兹力磁轴承（LFMB）的设计结构,提出了一种力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法。首先,针对一种新型双球形包络面转子MSCSG,介绍了MSCSG的结构特点与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感原理,并分别建立了MSCSG力矩器半径误差模型、转子偏转干扰力矩模型与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差模型。其次,通过实验测量了力矩器的圆度,通过MATLAB进行数据拟合得到了力矩器的非圆特性,采用勒让德多项式级数对力矩器非圆性进行了描述,并有效补偿了因力矩器非圆性误差导致的姿态角速度敏感误差。最后,对误差补偿效果进行了仿真验证,结果表明该补偿方法使陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差降低了83.5%。此外,本文方法还可以解决LFMB陀螺的相关共性问题。      

航空发动机机匣摆线粗加工轨迹规划方法

针对机匣零件粗加工过程中凸台多、加工余量大、材料难切削、刀具磨损快、加工周期长等特点,提出了一种机匣摆线粗加工刀具轨迹规划方法,该方法能有效控制切削过程中刀具负载的变化,改善刀具切削过程中的加热-冷却循环,减缓刀具的磨损,提高机匣粗加工效率。首先,通过对两种摆线模型的分析,建立了摆线铣数学模型,并分析了摆线铣的优缺点;其次,结合机匣零件特点,将模型在精度范围内离散为点模型,利用圆锥将模型展开并建立展开模型与原始模型间的映射关系。通过对可加工区域的划分和平面逼近,生成了适用于机匣零件的摆线粗加工刀具轨迹。最后,分别通过摆线铣刀具磨损实验、平面型腔摆线铣实验和机匣摆线铣实验,验证了摆线铣在降低刀具磨损、延长刀具寿命方面的有效性,以及本文轨迹生成算法在航空发动机机匣实际加工中的正确性和高效性。研究成果能有效缩短加工周期、降低加工成本,提升机匣零件的粗加工效率。     

某支线飞机概念设计阶段机翼气动弹性设计

在飞机的总体方案概念设计阶段,需要对飞机机翼进行气动弹性设计,以避免在后期设计中,因气动弹性问题而对设计方案进行较大更改.以某支线飞机的总体方案论证为背景,研究并归纳该飞机概念设计阶段气动弹性设计与分析的理论基础和计算方法,建立机翼的梁架式模型,初步设计模型刚度与质量分布,并进行机翼的静气动弹性响应与载荷分析、振动特性及颤振特性分析.结果表明:该支线飞机机翼的气动弹性特性合理,符合设计要求.     

Manifold dynamics in the Earth–Moon system via isomorphic mapping with application to spacecraft end-of-life strategies

Recently, manifold dynamics has assumed an increasing relevance for analysis and design of low-energy missions, both in the Earth–Moon system and in alternative multibody environments. With regard to lunar missions, exterior and interior transfers, based on the transit through the regions where the collinear libration points L₁ and L₂ are located, have been studied for a long time and some space missions have already taken advantage of the results of these studies. This paper is focused on the definition and use of a special isomorphic mapping for low-energy mission analysis. A convenient set of cylindrical coordinates is employed to describe the spacecraft dynamics (i.e. position and velocity), in the context of the circular restricted three-body problem, used to model the spacecraft motion in the Earth–Moon system. This isomorphic mapping of trajectories allows the identification and intuitive representation of periodic orbits and of the related invariant manifolds, which correspond to tubes that emanate from the curve associated with the periodic orbit. Heteroclinic connections, i.e. the trajectories that belong to both the stable and the unstable manifolds of two distinct periodic orbits, can be easily detected by means of this representation. This paper illustrates the use of isomorphic mapping for finding (a) periodic orbits, (b) heteroclinic connections between trajectories emanating from two Lyapunov orbits, the first at L₁, and the second at L₂, and (c) heteroclinic connections between trajectories emanating from the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ and from a particular unstable lunar orbit. Heteroclinic trajectories are asymptotic trajectories that travels at zero-propellant cost. In practical situations, a modest delta-v budget is required to perform transfers along the manifolds. This circumstance implies the possibility of performing complex missions, by combining different types of trajectory arcs belonging to the manifolds. This work studies also the possible application of manifold dynamics to defining suitable, convenient end-of-life strategies for spacecraft orbiting the Earth. Seven distinct options are identified, and lead to placing the spacecraft into the final disposal orbit, which is either (a) a lunar capture orbit, (b) a lunar impact trajectory, (c) a stable lunar periodic orbit, or (d) an outer orbit, never approaching the Earth or the Moon. Two remarkable properties that relate the velocity variations with the spacecraft energy are employed for the purpose of identifying the optimal locations, magnitudes, and directions of the velocity impulses needed to perform the seven transfer trajectories. The overall performance of each end-of-life strategy is evaluated in terms of time of flight and propellant budget.     

Investigation of ionospheric response to two moderate geomagnetic storms using GPS–TEC measurements in the South American and African sectors during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24

The responses of the ionospheric F region using GPS–TEC measurements during two moderate geomagnetic storms at equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions over the South American and African sectors in May 2010, during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, are investigated. The first moderate geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst value of −64 nT at 1500 UT on 02 May 2010 and the second moderate geomagnetic storm reached a minimum Dst value of −85 nT at 1400 UT on 29 May 2010. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from the equatorial to mid-latitude regions in the South American and African sectors. Our results obtained during these two moderate geomagnetic storms from both sectors show significant positive ionospheric storms during daytime hours at the equatorial, low-, and mid-latitude regions during the main and recovery phases of the storms. The thermospheric wind circulation change towards the equator is a strong indicator that suggests an important mechanism is responsible for these positive phases at these regions. A pre-storm event that was observed in the African sector from low- to the mid-latitude regions on 01 May 2010 was absent in the South American sector. This study also showed that there was no generation or suppression of ionospheric irregularities by storm events. Therefore, knowledge about the suppression and generation of ionospheric irregularities during moderate geomagnetic storms is still unclear.     

交流阻抗测量系统中交流小电流测量方法

交流小电流测量是交流阻抗测量的关键技术之一。分析了交流小电流测量对交流阻抗测量的影响,提出采用数字相敏检波原理测量交流小电流的方法,利用互相关技术有效克服放大器噪声对交流小电流测量的影响,完成了交流阻抗测量的预期功能,达到了预期的效果。