软土地区水平定向钻施工对周围环境的影响

通过水平定向钻在市政工程中的广泛应用,水平定向钻施工越来越显示出它的优势,其施工对周围环境的影响需要评估。为此,对水平定向钻小直径管道施工过程引起的力学效应进行了讨论,重点探讨了拉力、扭矩和泥浆的影响,同时通过分析沉降位移监测值,就具体施工过程所带来的影响进行了讨论,得出了有益的结论。     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

离轨帆弹性桅杆力学性能分析

采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分析弹性桅杆几何参数对其力学性能的影响,为离轨帆弹性桅杆设计提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:增加壳体厚度、保持弧长不变,减小曲率半径以及增大壳体截面圆心角都能有效提高离轨帆自动展开能力及弹性桅杆支撑刚度;弹性桅杆的弯曲内部应力只与材料属性、曲率半径、缠绕半径以及壳体厚度有关;曲率半径减小、壳体厚度增加都会增大弹性桅杆的弯曲内部应力,有可能会导致弹性桅杆在缠绕时发生塑性变形。因此,在对弹性桅杆设计时,需综合考虑弹性桅杆几何参数对其展开能力以及缠绕性能的影响。     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

气流激励下叶片振动响应分析方法

为开展气流激励下叶片振动响应分析方法研究,建立了气动激振力预估方法,采用非线性谐波法对叶排进行三维非定常流动分析,获得叶片表面的脉动压力,编制流固转换程序,计算叶片所受的气动激振力.建立了叶片气动阻尼分析方法,基于能量法和弱耦合分析法,对叶片与流场进行流固弱耦合分析,将气动力对运动的叶片所做的气动负功等效为黏滞阻尼力所...     

敏捷SAR卫星平台载荷一体化控制方法研究

面向具备波束指向捷变能力的小型化敏捷合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星成像需求,提出了通过平台姿态敏捷机动和载荷波束捷变扫描一体化控制实现条带成像、多条带拼接成像、滑动聚束成像等传统成像模式的方法。针对配合成像过程提出的大角度机动和高精度高稳定度连续指向跟踪控制要求,采用5个单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)组成的"五面锥"构形控制力矩陀螺群作为执行机构,设计了基于姿态四元数和角速度反馈的改进型递阶饱和控制器,实现了平台的敏捷机动和对目标的稳定跟踪指向。数学仿真结果表明:该控制系统有效可行。     

太极二号卫星精密热控关键技术及试验验证

针对引力波探测太极二号卫星提出的高稳定度温控需求，开展了高分辨率测温系统和高稳定度热控技术的研究，提出了多级阻尼的热控设计方法，建立了多级阻尼状态空间数学模型，揭示了系统中热量传递特性。该方法在太极二号核心载荷上进行了地面试验验证，试验结果表明核心舱关键仪器的温度满足指标要求。试验结果的噪声分析，不仅验证了精密热控关键技术，而且提出了关于热噪声分析与抑制的新方法，为后续航天器精密热控技术提供了理论分析方法和工程参考依据。     

Guided wave propagation analysis in stiffened panel using time-domain spectral finite element method

Stiffened panels have been widely utilized in fuselages and wings as critical load-bearing components. These structures are prone to be damaged under long-term and extreme loads, and their health monitoring has been a common concern. The guided wave-based monitoring method is regarded as an efficient approach to detect the damage in stiffened plates because of its wide monitoring range and high sensitivity to micro-damage. Efficient simulation of wave propagation can theoretically demonstrate the detection mechanism of the method. In this study, a Time-Domain Spectral Finite Element Method (TD-SFEM) is adopted to study the wavefield in stiffened plates, where continuous Absorbing Layers with Increasing Damping (ALID) strategy is proposed to circumvent the disturbance of reflected waves on boundaries. After the convergence analysis, the developed TD-SFEM with ALID is validated by the finite element method first. Then, wave scattering and the influence of the stiffener are investigated in detail by comparing the results with the non-stiffened structure. Finally, the effects of the parameters of the stiffener, such as the height and width, on wave propagation are studied, respectively. The results illustrate that the proposed TD-SFEM with ALID is an efficient approach to study the wave propagation in the stiffened plate and can reveal the mechanism of influence of the stiffener. It is found that the height of the stiffener changes the interference of wavefield in the plate, while the effects of the width are mainly in wave scattering and mode conversion.     

力矩输出能力最优化混合执行机构操纵律设计

当航天器执行高动态敏捷机动或者姿态动态跟踪控制等任务时，常使用控制力矩陀螺（control moment gyroscope，简称CMG）和飞轮（reaction wheel，简称RW）构成的混合执行机构来提供大力矩。提出了基于力矩输出能力最优化的混合执行机构操纵律，从几何角度出发，给出了力矩输出能力最优的CMG框架角速度和RW角加速度，通过引入参数，并讨论参数的设置的最优，使得框架转速误差和输出力矩误差的混合二次型达到最小，保证了混合执行机构在输出力矩误差最小的情况下，力矩输出能力最优。以金字塔构型的CMG集群和正交的RW集群构成的混合执行机构为例，对基于力矩输出能力最优化的混合执行机构操纵律进行合理化分析，证明了引入参数的作用，并且证明了混合执行机构不存在CMG奇异情况。仿真结果表明，基于力矩输出能力最优化的混合执行机构操纵律解决了CMG奇异的问题并使得RW不陷入饱和，输出力矩误差较小，输出力矩能力强，能够应用于航天器大角度机动任务。