复杂结构振动的一种超单元简化分析

本文提出了一种建立在常规有限元模型上的超单元分析方法,对复杂结构的振动分析进行降阶简化处理。这种方法是把结构重新以超单元形式划分,在超单元内部采用了简化的动减缩方法;边界上则采用局部位移场重新插值方法,或采用局部刚化的方法。由超单元组装得到的总体矩阵仍具有对称、稀疏等性质,得到的动力学方程仍具有常规形式。这种超单元分析方法不但大大降低了求解模型的阶次,扩大了求解能力,而且易于编程,求解方便。文中还通过摄动分析讨论了内部模态截取准则,以保证求解的有效性和可靠性。数值算例表明,本文方法是很有效的,且具有较高的求解精度。     

双损耗Al2O3基多孔吸波材料的制备及其吸波性能

基于片状Al₂O₃陶瓷互锁结构强度高的特点,制备出夹杂石墨的高气孔率的Al₂O₃多孔陶瓷,并通过原位还原在多孔骨架中制备出Ni微粒,形成一种轻质的双损耗陶瓷基吸波材料。通过XRD、FE-SEM和EDS研究了还原温度对多孔吸波材料的组成、微观形貌、元素分布和吸波性能的影响。结果表明,还原温度升温至700 ℃可将多孔网络中Ni完全还原,形成以堆叠互锁Al₂O₃为基,夹杂片状石墨和孔表面覆盖Ni微粒的双损耗轻质吸波材料。当复合材料厚度为6.5 mm时,最小反射损耗为-35.01 dB,有效吸收带宽达到1.75 GHz。片状Al₂O₃锁定的石墨片构筑的导电网络,Ni微粒与基体之间的极化效应等共同促进复合材料良好的微波吸收性能。     

典型激波针减阻降热特性及流动机理

为研究激波针对超/高超声速钝头飞行器进行减阻降热的相关特性,采用数值模拟方法对6种典型激波针构型的流动特征开展系统研究。给出了激波针长度、来流马赫数对流动特征的影响规律,并对其形成机理进行了探讨。结果显示:马赫数较低时,头部有扰流物的5种激波针在回流区即将分裂时减阻率最大;马赫数较高时,减阻率在回流区分裂前后出现局部峰值,但最大减阻率将出现在回流区分裂后更长的激波针长度下。马赫数为3时,6种构型减阻率达最大时的相对长度在0.8~1.2之间,相比而言,球型、半球型和双锥型的减阻效果最好,最大减阻率为45%~50%;圆锥型最差,为20%~25%,明显低于头部有扰流物的构型。相同的激波针长度下,头部有扰流物构型的减阻率随马赫数增大而增大,圆锥型则相反。流场回流区、分离激波、弓形激波、局部膨胀流动等导致的压力分布变化是构型整体阻力变化的主要成因。      

大型桥式机床立柱不同材料的特性分析

采用数值计算方法,比较了混凝土、铸铁和钢3种不同材料立柱的静载抗压能力以及冲击力下的瞬态响应,分析数据表明,钢立柱具有最好的承压能力,在相同压力下静变形最小;由于阻尼的原因,混凝土立柱的振幅受到明显限制,冲击力作用下振动衰减的较快,在更加关注减振性能的高速高性能加工领域,采用混凝土立柱是更好的选择.     

砂垫层刚度对地面地震反应的影响研究

我国是一个多地震国家，地震区分布范围广，发震频繁。因此减震、隔震技术对国民经济基本建设具有重要意义。随着科学技术的进步、计算机的运用等，减震、隔震方法的研究与应用取得了很大的发展，但仍有许多问题有待解决，特别是就我国目前中、低层房屋较多的实际状况而言，这一问题显得尤为突出。采用在基础与地基之间设置砂垫层的方法，减小或不放大地震对地面的影响，最终达到减震、隔震的目的。在提出砂垫层隔震概念及其与《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011—2001)的区别之后，研究了砂垫层刚度对地面地震反应的影响，得到了一些有益的结果。     

“大涡破碎”的紊流减阻实验研究

本文对当今国外曾提出的紊流表面摩擦减阻新概念——“大涡破碎”(LEBU)进行了初步的风洞实验探索。将具有对称流线型剖面的二元小肋,沿垂直于气流的方向安置在平板表面的紊流附面层内某一高度处,收到了不同程度的减阻效果。实验中分别考察了小肋的安置位置L,安置高度H,迎角θ及相对厚度b等参数对减阻效果的不同影响。从紊流附面层涡结构的观点出发,提出紊流的“细化”作用是小肋对平扳减阻的根本原因,并认为改善紊流附面层的速度型是研究紊流减阻的一种手段。实验使用自制的高灵敏度摩擦天平,测得的减阻效果与Ludwieg—Tillman公式的计算结果基本一致。     

Contribution of ionospheric TEC anomalies to detecting the seismic precursors related to the 2008 Oran-Algeria event

The ionospheric anomalies observed before any notable earthquake have become the subject of predictive research in the field of seismo-ionospheric coupling and/or Solid Earth-Atmosphere. In this paper, the concept of ionospheric modeling has been applied using total electronic content (TEC); derived from dual-frequency GPS recordings from about sixty permanent geodetic stations. The study and the analysis of the anomalous TEC variations, quantifiable on a regional scale, allowed us to detect the principal precursors of the M_w 5.5 earthquake that hit Oran on June 06th, 2008. The envisaged analytical approach is based principally on the time delays estimation relating to the seismic responses from the triggering (lithospheric seismic source) until their recording in data Rinex (GPS_IGS stations) through the reflection system of the electromagnetic waves on the ionospheric level (F2-layer).Indeed, in term of location, the longitude-latitude coordinates of the Oran event epicenter (0.658°W, 35.883°N) affecting the coastal margin of Western Algeria without too much material damage. Although the magnitude of this earthquake is qualified moderate (M_w 5.5, seismic intensity scale V-VI), one can observe apparent disturbances in the terrestrial electromagnetic spectrum associated with ionospheric TEC variations. In the domain of geodetic data analysis, we have noted a significant increase in the ionospheric TEC, which announces the arrival of a seismic precursor several days before the main studied event. Against this background, we emphasize that any seismic event, of significant magnitude, often carries information associated with other variants involved in the package of earthquake studied. Among these variants we evoke the effect of the magnetic field and the effect of the surrounding environment, etc. As for the specific behavior of the GPS_TEC signal, obtained from the Rinex data, and its interaction with the associated seismic activity, we highlight the existence of a spectral conformity between the geomagnetic field and that of the TEC content (spontaneous polarization of the TEC).Finally, we have just confirmed the effectiveness of this forecasting approach which relates the seismo-ionospheric precursors that are embedded in the physical trace of the electromagnetic signal relative to significant and/or moderate earthquakes (M ≥ 5); such as the envisaged case of the 2008 Oran event.     

Real-time coseismic wave retrieving by integrated Kalman filter with observations of GPS,Glonass and strong-motion sensor

A method of real-time coseismic wave retrieving was proposed based on the tight integration of GPS, Glonass and strong-motion sensor observations, the validation and precision analysis have been made by an experimental data. The series of results have been shown that: by the integrated Kalman filter and multi-sensors, the coseismic waves can be optimally recovered by complement the advantages of each other, especially when the observation conditions are very bad. In additional, the results are not significantly effected by different receiver clock error processes for the integration solution.     

Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes and Global Electric Circuit

The electromagnetic coupling between the seismically activated area and the ionosphere is considered within the framework of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) conception. First we consider the anomalous variations in the ionosphere associated with the earthquake preparation process, their temporal and spatial characteristics using the results from recent publications. Then the GEC conception is presented shortly with main accent put on ionization processes which play key role in the complex chain of physical and chemical interactions changing the electric properties of the planetary boundary layer of atmosphere. We treat this part of troposphere as an open complex system with dissipation where so called “blow up” processes are developed leading to sharp and fast changes of atmospheric parameters including the electric properties of the boundary layer. The new concept named Spatial Scintillation Index is introduced in the last part of the paper. In general, this paper may be considered as a short review of the recent achievements in understanding of the seismo-ionospheric coupling.     

基于声学黑洞效应的直升机驾驶舱宽带降噪

声学黑洞（ABH）效应是利用结构阻抗的变化，使结构中传播的波相速度和群速度发生变化，在结构局部区域实现波的聚集，进而通过少量阻尼将能量耗损。该方法具有高效、轻质、宽频等优点，为结构振动噪声控制提供了新的思路，具有较强的潜能和应用前景。本文针对直升机驾驶舱复杂的噪声问题，根据噪声源和传递路径，提出基于ABH效应的内嵌式和附加式2种减振降噪设计方案。利用有限元软件建立了结构声振耦合模型，分析了直升机驾驶舱模型的声振特性，解释了ABH效应有助于降低舱室噪声的机理，并搭建了实验平台，开展了效果测试和性能评估。结果表明，内嵌式ABH结构可以有效降低舱内的中高频噪声，而低频控制能力略显不足。附加式ABH结构可以弥补这一局限性，拓宽有效频带。结合内嵌式和附加式ABH 2种控制方案，相比传统结构在总质量不增加甚至略有降低的前提下，舱室平均噪声水平在1/3倍频程内降低3~10 dB。该研究成果有助于推进ABH新技术在未来直升机工程减振降噪中的应用。