基于驻留时间比的近地空间碎片环境建模

为分析近地空间碎片的分布规律,提出了一种以碎片在空间网格内驻留时间为基础的碎片环境统计建模方法.该方法利用多项式拟合和求根方法统计碎片在空间网格内的停留时间,获取模型基础数据,并据此采用多项式预测、插值和时间序列分析等技术,综合分析空间碎片的分布与演化规律.给出了一个基于双行根数(TLE,Two Line Elements)数据的建模实例,该实例通过了ORDEM2000模型的对比验证,并获得了一些更精细的近地空间碎片环境特征.所得建模方法和分析结论可为长期运行的近地航天器轨道设计、碰撞风险评估及防护等提供技术支撑.     

基于大涡模拟的平流层浮空器气动特性分析

为研究不同球体间距对“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器(SLV)气动特性的影响,采用有限体格式、结构网格和大涡模拟(LES)计算方法求解不可压缩的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,对超临界雷诺数“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器绕流进行数值模拟,并对不同球体间距下的数值计算结果进行详细的分析比较.通过对比试验数据,单球体数值模拟的阻力系数时均值与Achenbach的试验数据一致,验证了计算方法分析超临界雷诺数球体绕流问题的准确性.研究不同间距的双球体阻力变化规律以及振动频谱特性,随上下游球体间距G的增加,合阻力先增大后减小,上游球体的阻力占优振动频率逐渐减小;G=1.5D(D为球体直径)和G=2D时,上下游球体有相同的占优振动频率.随间距G的增加,两球体相互作用与上游球体对下游球体的尾涡结构影响逐渐减弱.      

基于Ansys Fluent的近场翼尖涡数值模拟与分析

为了进一步研究飞机远场尾涡,提供网格分配及湍流模型的参考,并为整机模拟提供必要的参考依据,通过基于Ansys Fluent的数值模拟方法,研究了NACA0012机翼的近场翼尖涡流场,采用有限体积法求解不可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,其中雷诺应力项分别以S-A和Realizable k-ε模型封闭,模拟了近场翼尖涡卷起的过程,分析了机翼表面压力以及涡核参数,包括轴向涡量、涡核位置、涡核粘性等,并与风洞实验结果进行了对比。结果分析表明:基于局部O-网的六面体网格,RKE模型要优于S-A模型,与实验值更为吻合。     

气动系数插值在捕获轨迹试验中的应用

本文叙述气动系数插值在捕获轨迹试验中的交叉核对和轨迹计算中的应用。对外挂物在某一个新的位置上的某些量的误差进行核对,看其是否在允许的范围之内,称为“交叉核对”。交叉核对分为两种,一种是对位置本身的核对,另一种是对气动系数的核对。在轨迹计算的每一个步长中应用气动系数插值,可以使计算更加精细,轨迹更加光滑。本文对气动系数插值作了一些改进的尝试,提出将气动系数对时间的插值改为气动系数对线位移的插值,这仅是初步的尝试,有待进一步探索。     

几何尺度对GAW-1两段翼型升力特性的影响

在大型飞机和高速飞机的起降过程中增升装置空气动力性能的好坏对飞机有着举足轻重的影响.飞机增升装置通常采用多段翼型形式.在飞机设计阶段,一般是采用风洞实验的方法对多段翼型的气动性能进行评估.由于风洞的尺寸和动力所限,实验的模型和实验雷诺数都小于实际飞行情况.在数据的使用时,一般认为实验数据进行雷诺数修正即可.通过实验研究发现,即使雷诺数相同,几何尺度对两段翼型升力特性的影响也是非常显著的.建议在风洞实验中重视几何尺度对气动性能的影响.该研究结果和研究思路可供增升装置的设计和实验研究人员参考使用.     

助推器支承的火箭地面风载荷非定常气动系数（上）

根据新一代运载火箭CZ-5及其动力学相似缩比模型的助推支承、两个弯曲模态主方向的模态参数有显著差别的特点,推导了火箭地面风载荷在模态主方向的非定常气动弯矩系数,给出了非定常气动弯矩的计算方法,并通过坐标转换,得到风轴气动弯矩系数的计算公式。将非定常气动弯矩系数中与动特性有关的参数统称为动态弯矩因子,从而统一了所有类型火箭的地面风载荷非定常气动弯矩系数的计算公式。此外为简化助推器支承火箭地面风载荷的试验方法,给出了气动加速度和位移系数的计算方法,提出了加速度因子和动态位移因子的概念。通过对CZ-5缩比弹性模型的动特性和弯矩因子的计算,分析了支承筒和不同构型模型的影响,并根据各阶弯曲模态对应的不同响应因子的变化,证明了地面风载荷试验只计及一阶模态的合理性。建议采用弯矩和位移测量数据分析非定常气动系数,不宜直接采用加速度数据计算气动系数。     

Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of 3-Dimensional and 4-Directional Braided Composites

It is vital to choose a factual and reasonable micro-structural model of braided composites for improving the calculating precision of thermal property of 3-D braided composites by finite element method (FEM). On the basis of new microstructure model of braided composites proposed recently, the model of FEM calculation for thermal conductivity of 3-dimennsional and 4-directional braided composites is set up in this paper. The curves of coefficient of effective thermal conductivity versus fiber volume ratio and interior braiding angle are obtained. Furthermore, comparing the results of FEM with the available experimental data,the reasonability and veracity of calculation are confirmed at the same time.     

基于行波与模态的混合方法对Timoshenko梁进行振动主动控制

 基于Timoshenko梁理论,采用波控制和独立模态空间混合方法,对悬臂梁的振动控制问题进行研究。采用波控制方法实现对Timoshenko梁结构的一点或多点的横向位移的振动控制。首先,基于结构的整体运动,采用模态坐标控制方法,对结构振动进行整体控制设计。而后,基于结构的局部性质,采用波方法吸收结构振动中的高频能量并求出Timoshenko梁中波的反射因数和透射因数。理论上研究了单位力扰动下的悬臂梁的振动。考虑的具体方法是将PD反馈波控制与基于极点配置法设计的模态控制相结合。最后给出数值结果。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

New Cutting Force Modeling Approach for Flat End Mill

A new mechanistic cutting force model for flat end milling using the instantaneous cutting force coefficients is proposed. An in-depth analysis shows that the total cutting forces can be separated into two terms: a nominal component independent of the runout and a perturbation component induced by the runout. The instantaneous value of the nominal component is used to calibrate the cutting force coefficients. With the help of the perturbation component and the cutting force coefficients obtained above, the cutter runout is identified. Based on simulation and experimental results, the validity of the identification approach is demonstrated. The advantage of the proposed method lies in that the calibration performed with data of one cutting test under a specific regime can be applied for a great range of cutting conditions.