加力燃烧室双层喷油杆内冷却气流动特性

对新型外涵引气冷却双层壁加力喷油杆的冷气流动特性进行了模拟实验,为双层喷油杆结构设计和冷却性能研究提供基础.通过对8套不同结构尺寸实验件的研究,得到了双层喷油杆冷却套管内气流流阻系数随来流质量流量的变化规律、流阻系数随双层喷油杆结构尺寸的变化规律和冷却套内气流雷诺数随进口总压的变化规律等.对8套实验件结果进行比较,综合三个因素最终选择了较为合理的新型双层喷油杆结构尺寸.这种尺寸的喷油杆流阻系数为1.2,迎风尺寸宽16mm较为合适,相同工况下冷却气的雷诺数最大.      

Drag Reduction for an Airship with Proper Arrangement of Propellers

In this article, the flow field around an airship with propellers blowing is calculated on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulent models. Modeled each as an actuator disk, the propellers are arranged at different positions around the body of airship in the flow direction. The numerical results show that the blowing propellers produce open outer flows. They drive the separated vortexes off the body thus reducing the drag coefficients. The results also show that the position after leading sucking peak is the best place for a propeller to blow. When the propellers are positioned after sucking peak, the longer the area which the propellers work on, the more the profile drag coefficients can be reduced. If the working position of propeller moves from the sucking peak forward to the leading edge, the friction drag coefficient will increase. The bigger the diameter of the propellers and the stronger the pressure jump, the more the drag coefficient will be reduced. The results also reveal that for the design of circularly-positioned propellers with space intervals, the more drag coefficient reduction results, the smaller the space interval is specified.     

空间环境模拟器热沉热辐射当量吸收特性研究

文章采用蒙特卡罗法模拟射线的传输过程,分别对两种热沉形式的热辐射当量吸收系数进行了数值计算,研究了表面形式、几何高度及入射光线方向等参数对表面热辐射当量吸收系数的影响。计算表明,正六边形凹腔形式的吸收效果远好于正四棱锥形式,但这种结构形式的吸收有明显的方向性,正四棱锥形式对光线的吸收呈现各向同性。     

抛物形喷管的激光推进能量相似律数值研究

针对吸气式抛物形喷管,通过辐射输运方程和流体力学方程联立求解,计算激光能量沉积过程中的爆轰波流场,并采用高温平衡气体模型计算后续的激波流场,得到了不同构形的喷管在不同条件下的冲量和冲量耦合系数。提炼了耦合多种影响因素的无量纲因子,讨论了入射激光能量和喷管构形对推进性能参数的影响,建立了抛物形喷管激光推进的能量相似律。结果表明:当顶点到出口最外侧点连线和对称轴的夹角固定时,冲量和冲量耦合系数随无量纲因子先增大后减小,在0.37附近取得极大值;当无量纲因子固定时,冲量和冲量耦合系数均随夹角增大而减小,冲量随入射激光能量增加而增大,冲量耦合系数受能量的影响程度很小。     

真空环境下行波型超声波电机的特性

真空环境下由于缺少空气介质,靠摩擦驱动的超声波电机的特性会与常态 下发生较大的变化。采用行波型超声波电机常用的三种摩擦材料（环氧树脂、聚四氟乙 烯烧结和生聚四氟乙烯填充为基的摩擦材料）对比分析了常态和真空环境下的超声波电机的 机械特性。发现除环氧胶外,其他摩擦材料制成的电机真空下的堵转力矩都有所增大,而空 载转速全部降低。为了分析变化产生的原因,实验比较了真空环境下三种摩擦材料在常规、 驻波和行波状态下的动摩擦系数,实验表明除环氧胶外其它摩擦材料的摩擦系数比常态下都 略有增大,且相应电机的堵转力矩也都增大。其次实验研究了行波型超声波电机的瞬态特性 ,当真空度增加到10 -2 Pa后,电机的起动时间和起动电压都有明显的增加,即电 机起动和运行的阻力逐步增大,导致电机空载转速的降低。最后测试了声悬浮力大小,其数 值不超过预紧力的1％,不是真空环境下特性变化的主因。导致电机真空环境下堵转力 矩和空载转速发生变化的主要原因在于摩擦材料动态摩擦系数和起动与运行阻力的变化。     

基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法的研究

通过摩擦补偿的分析提出了一种基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法,从工程实用角度出发采用的是库仑加粘滞的摩擦模型,设计了两个观测器实现对库仑摩擦系数和粘滞摩擦系数的估计,并用MATLAB软件对转台工作状态进行了仿真,结果表明此观测器有良好的自适应补偿性能。     

基于小波的能源消费弹性系数预测方法

能源消费弹性系数反映了一个国家能源消费增长速度与国民经济增长速度之间的比例关系,是衡量一个国家能源利用效率的重要指标。鉴于数据中存在较多的噪声,首先用小波分析方法对数据进行滤波,然后用滤除了噪声的数据作为输入变量,用支持向量回归方法建模,并预测未来10年我国能源消费弹性系数变化的规律。实际数据检验表明,该预测方法还是可行的。     

7一种双S形进气道流场特性殛控制的试验研究

In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle(UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the static pressure distribut ion measurement along the wall, the flow separation is found at the top wall of the second S duct for the baseline inlet design, which yields a high flow distortion at the exit plane. To improve the flow uniformity, a single array of vortex generators (VGs) is employed within the inlet. In this experimental study, the effects of mass flow ratio, free stream Mach number, angle of attack and yaw on the performance of a serpentine inlet instrumented with VGs are obtained. Results indicate: (1) Compared with the baseline serpentine design without flow control the application of the VGs promotes the mixing of core flow and the low momentum flow in the boundary layer and thus prevents the flow separation. Under the design condition, the exit flow distortion (

) decreases from 11. 7% to 2.3% by using the VGs. (2) With the descent of the free stream Mach number the total pressure loss decreases. How ever, the circular total pressure distortion increases. When the angle of attack rises from - 4° to 8°, the total pressure recovery and the circular total pressure distortion both go down. In addition, with the increase of yaw the total pressure recovery is fairly constant, while the circular total pressure distortion ascends gradually. (3) When Ma₀=0.6-0.8, α= −4°-8° and β= 0°-6°, the total pressure recovery varies between 0.936 and 0.961, the circular total pressure distortion coefficient varies between 1.4% and 5.4% and the synthesis distortion coefficient has a ranges from 3.8% to 7.0%. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the newly designed serpentine inlet incorporating VGs.     

利用反射式衍射光栅进行瞬态应变测量

介绍了利用反射式衍射光栅进行瞬态应变测量的方法,在一维细长杆中,通过测量杆未端的绝对速度,就可以算出动态应变和应变灵敏度系数K,文章对该方法进行了理论计算和实验结果分析,给出了结论和进一步研究方向。     

单斜面膨胀喷管几何参数对流场和性能的影响

基于CFD技术,通过求解R eynolds平均N-S方程附以标准k-ε双方程湍流模型,数值研究了单斜面膨胀喷管(SERN)主要几何参数对其内部流场和性能的影响,计算结果表明,SERN扩张段上、下斜面长度和角度对喷管流场结构和性能有明显的影响,随着上斜面长度的增加,喷管从欠膨胀状态过渡到过膨胀状态,在完全膨胀状态下,推力系数最大,存在某一最佳的上斜面角度,在该角度下,喷管推力系数最大,同样地,对于下斜面也存在最佳斜面长度和角度。