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151.
Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide
Lanfang H. Levine Hirokazu Kasahara Joachim Kopka Alexander Erban Ines Fehrl Fatma Kaplan Wei Zhao Ramon C. Littell Charles Guy Raymond Wheeler John Sager Aaron Mills Howard G. Levine 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol−1 or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO2]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO2] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO2] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO2] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO2. Elevated [CO2] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO2] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO2 than at 1500 ppm CO2. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO2 enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO2] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO2] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO2] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO2-grown plants, both elevated CO2 levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO2] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO2 on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO2 levels. 相似文献
152.
LIU Hua YANG Jia-ling LIU Kai-xin 《中国航空学报》2007,20(3):210-214
Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations of Love wave propagation in layered graded composites with imperfectly bonded interface are described in this paper. On the basis of WKB method, the approximate analytic solutions for Love waves are obtained. By the interface shear spring model, the dispersion relations for Love waves in layered graded composite structures with rigid, slip, and imperfectly bonded interfaces are given, and the effects of the interface conditions on the phase velocities of Love waves in SiC/Al lay- ered graded composites are discussed. Numerical analysis shows that the phase velocity decreases when the defined flexibility parameter is greater. For the general imperfectly bonded interface, the phase velocity changes in the range of the velocities for the rigid and slip interface conditions. 相似文献
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156.
提出了某型机VHF电台通讯距离短的问题,简述了对某型机VHF电台进行地面试验、空中作用距离试飞情况。并用通讯原理,对VHF电台通讯距离短进行了理论分析,采取了整改措施。最终解决了某型飞机VHF电台通讯距离短的问题,使飞行通讯联络正常。 相似文献
157.
K. Andreov L. Pech 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2007,40(12):1871-1880
This paper is devoted to the study of propagation of disturbances caused by interplanetary shocks (IPS) through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using simultaneous observations of various fast forward shocks by different satellites in the solar wind, magnetosheath and magnetosphere from 1995 till 2002, we traced the interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere, we calculated the velocity of their propagation into the Earth’s magnetosphere and analyzed fronts of the disturbances. From the onset of disturbances at different satellites in the magnetosphere we obtained speed values ranging from 500 to 1300 km/s in the direction along the IP shock normal, that is in a general agreement with results of previous numerical MHD simulations. The paper discusses in detail a sequence of two events on November 9th, 2002. For the two cases we estimated the propagation speed of the IP shock caused disturbance between the dayside and nightside magnetosphere to be 590 km/s and 714–741 km/s, respectively. We partially attributed this increase to higher Alfven speed in the outer magnetosphere due to the compression of the magnetosphere as a consequence of the first event, and partially to the faster and stronger driving interplanetary shock. High-time resolution GOES magnetic field data revealed a complex structure of the compressional wave fronts at the dayside geosynchronous orbit during these events, with initial very steep parts (10 s). We discuss a few possible mechanisms of such steep front formation in the paper. 相似文献
158.
研究一种用于近程弹道式地-地弹的导引法,它是借用空-空弹常值目标方位角导引法的概念,把它改变成按弹道设计需要而变化的目标方位角导引法,去攻击地面固定目标,它有减小气动阻力,提高命中相对精度的优点,称它为变目标方位角导引法。 相似文献
159.
UML在软件可靠性测试数据自动生成中的运用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了自动生成实时嵌入式软件的可靠性测试数据,利用UML(统一建模语言)提供的建模机 制,从软件可靠性测试的角度建立use-case剖面、接口模型和测试数据实现模型,然后根 据 这些模型的描述进行随机抽样,自动生成可靠性测试数据.利用该方法能够开发出相应的测 试数据自动生成工具,在软件可靠性测试领域有着较大的实用价值. 相似文献
160.
针对仅有相对距离测量信息的近圆轨道航天器近程交会问题,首次提出一种基于传感器偏离航天器质心安装杆臂效应的解析初始相对定轨算法,解决了仅测距定轨存在镜像解的模糊性问题。首先给出了仅测距定轨模糊性的数学解释,然后基于Clohessy-Wiltshire动力学模型和传感器偏心安装的杆臂效应推导了仅测距信息情况下的初始相对轨道解析解,并给出系统能够去模糊的传感器安装条件。最后通过无误差仿真验证了所提算法的有效性,通过误差情况下的Monte Carlo仿真分析了算法的定轨性能。仿真结果表明所提算法有效,在满足传感器偏心安装条件下能够实现较为精确的初始相对定轨。 相似文献