提高微波晶体管S参数测量精确度的实用技术

介绍了矢量网络分析仪测量微波晶体管S参数时的主要误差 ,给出了基于测试夹具校准件的制作方法和它的特性测量     

Structural dynamic responses of a stripped solar sail subjected to solar radiation pressure

The stripped solar sail whose membrane is divided into separate narrow membrane strips is believed to have the best structural efficiency. In this paper, the stripped solar sail structure is regarded as an assembly made by connecting a number of boom-strip components in sequence. Considering the coupling effects between booms and membrane strips, an exact and semi-analytical method to calculate structural dynamic responses of the stripped solar sail subjected to solar radiation pressure is established. The case study of a 100 m stripped solar sail shows that the stripped architecture helps to reduce the static deflections and amplitudes of the steady-state dynamic response. Larger prestress of the membrane strips will decrease stiffness of the sail and increase amplitudes of the steady-state dynamic response. Increasing thickness of the boom will benefit to stability of the sail and reduce the resonant amplitudes. This proposed semi-analytical method provides an efficient analysis tool for structure design and attitude control of the stripped solar sail.     

Effect of severe geomagnetic storm conditions on atomic oxygen greenline dayglow emission in mesosphere

Severe geomagnetic storms and their effects on the 557.7 nm dayglow emission are studied in mesosphere. This study is primarily based on photochemical model with the necessary input obtained from a combination of experimental observations and empirical models. The model results are presented for a low latitude station Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E). The volume emission rates are calculated using MSISE-90 and NRLMSISE-00 neutral atmospheric models. A comparison is made between the results obtained from these two models. A positive correlation amongst volume emission rate (VER), O, O₂ number densities and Dst index has been found. The present results indicate that the variation in emission rate is more for MSISE-90 than in NRLMSISE-00 model. The maximum depletion in the VER of greenline dayglow emission is found to be about 30% at 96 km during the main phase of the one of the geomagnetic storms investigated in the case of MSISE-90 (which is strongest with Dst index −216 nT). The O₂ density decreases about 22% at 96 km during the main phase of the same geomagnetic storm.The NRLSMSISE-00 model does not show any appreciable change in the number density of O during any of the two events. The present study also shows that the altitude of peak emission rate is unaffected by the geomagnetic storms. The effect of geomagnetic storm on the greenline nightglow emission has also been studied. It is found that almost no correlation can be established between the Dst index and variations in the volume emission rates using the NRLMSISE-00 neutral model atmosphere. However, a positive correlation is found in the case of MSISE-90 and the maximum depletion in the case of nightglow is about 40% for one of the storms. The present study shows that there are significant differences between the results obtained using MSISE-90 and NRLMSISE-00.     

数字存储示波器通道隔离度测量不确定度评定

介绍了数字存储示波器通道隔离度的测量不确定度分析和评价过程。讨论了主要的不确定度来源,包括信号源误差、示波器的增益误差、幅度测量误差、幅度分辨力误差、以及测量重复性等等,给出了不确定度模型。并结合一个实例,给出了通道隔离度的不确定度评价结果。     

基于FIG-SVR的姿控发动机推力校准斜率预测

为了对某型号姿控发动机高空模拟试验推力现场校准斜率进行趋势预测,提出了一种模糊信息粒化(fuzzy information granulation,FIG)和支持向量回归机(support vector regression,SVR)相结合的时间序列预测方法。借助模糊信息粒化方法将推力现场校准的斜率映射为包含区间最小值Low、中值R和最大值Up 3个参数的模糊信息粒,以降低样本的维数,并以其为输入构建SVR回归模型。预测结果表明,基于模糊信息粒化SVR确定的预测区间较好地反映了推力现场校准斜率的变化趋势。     

Manned exploration and exploitation of solar system: Passive and active shielding for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation—A short overview

In deep space manned missions for the exploration and exploitation of celestial bodies of Solar System astronauts are not shielded by the terrestrial magnetic field and must be protected against the action of Solar Cosmic Rays (SCRs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs). SCRs are sporadically emitted, and in very rare but possible events, their fluence can be so high to be lethal to a unprotected crew. Their relatively low energy allows us to conceive fully passive shields, also if active systems can somewhat reduce the needed mass penalty. GCRs continuously flow without intensity peaks, and are dangerous to the health and operability of the crew in long duration (>1year) missions. Their very high energy excludes the possible use of passive systems, so that recourse must be made to electromagnetic fields for preventing ionizing particles to reach the habitat where astronauts spend most of their living and working time. A short overview is presented of the many ideas developed in last decades of last century; ideas are mainly based on very intense electrostatic shields, flowing plasma bubbles, or enormous superconducting coil systems for producing high magnetic fields. In the first decade of this century the problem began to be afforded in more realistic scenarios, taking into account the present and foreseeable possibilities of launchers (payload mass, diameter and length of the shroud of the rocket, etc.) and of assembling and/or inflating structures in space. Driving parameters are the volume of the habitat to be protected and the level of mitigation of the radiation dose to be guaranteed to the crew. Superconducting magnet systems based on multi-solenoid complexes or on one huge magnetic torus surrounding the habitat are being evaluated for defining the needed parameters: masses, mechanical structures for supporting the huge magnetic forces, needed equipments and safety systems. Technological tests are in preparation or planned for improving density of the current, lightness and stability, to increase working temperature of superconducting cables, and for finding light supporting structures and suitable safety architectures, delineating a possible development program for affording this difficult problem.     

大量程力平衡加速度表的系数标定技术

对比研究了用于加速度表标定的重力场，离心机与电模拟的三种方法，给出了在国内目前没有大ｇ值精密离心机条件下，如何解决大量程加速度表的系数标定问题。     

基于虚拟载荷校准试验的襟翼曲柄测载方法

飞行载荷测量是验证飞机结构完整性，完成飞机定型必需的试验项目。基于应变法的飞行载荷测量方法通过地面校准试验构建应变与加载载荷之间的对应关系，然后将飞行实测应变代入载荷模型求得飞行载荷。某型飞机襟翼驱动曲柄几何外形不规则，具有轴向弯折、截面非对称等特点，载荷测量存在困难。基于该襟翼驱动曲柄的运动机理及襟翼操纵机构的传力路径研究，对曲柄进行受力分析，提出曲柄载荷测量方法，并利用虚拟载荷校准试验的手段对本方法进行验证。结果表明，本文方法是正确、有效的。     

Numerical Simulations of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

In this paper we review the current predictions of numerical simulations for the origin and observability of the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), the diffuse gas that contains up to 50 per cent of the baryons at z∼0. During structure formation, gravitational accretion shocks emerging from collapsing regions gradually heat the intergalactic medium (IGM) to temperatures in the range T∼10⁵–10⁷ K. The WHIM is predicted to radiate most of its energy in the ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray bands and to contribute a significant fraction of the soft X-ray background emission. While O vi and C iv absorption systems arising in the cooler fraction of the WHIM with T∼10⁵–10^5.5 K are seen in FUSE and Hubble Space Telescope observations, models agree that current X-ray telescopes such as Chandra and XMM-Newton do not have enough sensitivity to detect the hotter WHIM. However, future missions such as Constellation-X and XEUS might be able to detect both emission lines and absorption systems from highly ionised atoms such as O vii, O viii and Fe xvii.