基于源项辨识的飞机座舱污染浓度动态预测

随着大型民机飞行时间的延长,座舱空气污染事故发生概率也随之增大,快速准确的污染浓度预测对保证乘客生命安全具有重要意义.座舱各污染浓度的动态预测和污染源项强度辨识是实现座舱空气质量实时预测的关键技术.污染源项散发强度辨识,如采用最小二乘算法,参数估计是静态的,一般延迟较大;如采用单模卡尔曼滤波算法,虽能实现动态辨识,但不能同时兼顾稳态和过渡过程(突发污染)的参数估计性能,导致误差较大.为解决上述难题,本文提出基于源项辨识的飞机座舱污染浓度动态预测方法,同时完成污染源散发强度动态辨识和污染浓度状态实时预测.该算法由2个滤波器组成,分别用于匹配系统的稳态和突发过渡过程特征,提高浓度方程参数估计和状态预测性能,保证飞机座舱空气质量态势预测的快速性和准确性.仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性.     

影响PCL系统探测性能的因素分析

给出了可选作无源探测系统辐射源的信号参数,分析了目标的双基地等效反射面积、接收机噪声系数、干扰电平的组成及其相应的处理方法、PCL系统有效带宽和积累增益的关系,并对PCL系统的灵敏度和覆盖范围进行了研究.以此为基础,重新推导了双基地无源探测的距离方程.最后通过仿真分析了PCL系统可以获得的性能及其关键确定因素.     

载人飞船泄复压过程中轨道舱的噪声环境试验研究

为了考察航天员对载人飞船泄复压过程中轨道舱内噪声环境的适应性,在KM6水平舱进行了相应的模拟试验,对轨道舱中的噪声环境进行了试验测量与研究.试验结果及航天员的实际感受表明,泄复压过程中轨道舱内的噪声环境满足要求,产生的噪声对航天员不会造成伤害.     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

Relation between galactic and solar cosmic radiation at aviation altitude

Cosmic radiation bombards us at high altitude with ionizing particles; the radiation has a galactic component, which is normally dominant, and a component of solar origin. Cosmic ray particles are the primary source of ionization in the atmosphere above 1 km; below 1 km radon is a dominant source of ionization in many areas.     

一种模拟整星热环境的小型单机热平衡试验

文章通过对一个典型的单机热分析和热试验的研究,提出了一种小型单机热平衡试验方法,模拟单机在整星环境下的热平衡试验,以避免只为验证其热设计而再次补做整星热平衡试验。为准确模拟单机在星内的辐射和导热过程,通过灰体间辐射热网络法和仪器安装板处单元体热平衡法,给出了等效辐射特征点和等效导热特征点的确定方法;并结合试验结果,对模型修正的合理性、局限性进行了分析,提出了在实际应用过程中应注意的问题。     

航天器污染检测新技术的研究

根据飞行时间二次离子质谱学的新进展,用当代最先进的仪器首次对三种典型的我国地面空间环境模拟污染样品进行了探索性实验研究。结果表明：由于极高的检测灵敏度,具备分析微量航天污染物成分的能力;由于很高的质量分辨本领,具备检测航天污染物包含的所有元素、同位素和各种化合物的指纹鉴别能力;成像分析可获得航天污染物各成分面分布及一定的分层信息,从而可望揭示出各类污染物的形成过程。与国内外现有的各类检测手段相比,飞行时间二次离子质谱是航天污染物检测强有力的一种新手段。讨论了需要进一步研究解决的主要问题,如果能开发出可避免二次污染并分阶段取样、保存样品的装置与之配合,该技术有望在迅速崛起的航天污染系统工程中发展成为一种独具特色的航天污染检测新技术。     

航天器地面试验时间优化软件(DYNAWORKS)的介绍

文章介绍了DYNAWORKS软件的基本结构、基本特点和基本功能,对于建立我国空间环境试验数据管理和分析预示系统具有有益的参考价值.     

开展我国载人航天空间环境地面模拟试验的建议

文章通过分析比较美国和俄罗斯载人航天发展的经验与教训,提出如何开展我国载人航天空间环境地面模拟试验的建议,从而保证我国载人航天飞行的成功.     

第2009卡林顿周太阳活动的初步分析

介绍了第 2 0 0 9卡林顿周大黑子群AR484,AR486和AR488产生的太阳活动以及这些太阳活动对地球空间环境造成的影响。依据对太阳活动的统计研究 ,简要分析了三个大黑子群活动的差异。分析结果指出 ,关注某一时期太阳活动的活动经度带以及太阳活动在某一半球的主次是解决太阳活动短期预报非常重要的思路