同平面LEO-LEO气动辅助空间交会

给出了实现同平面LEO-LEO空间交会的必要条件，分析了基于脉冲的主动调相方法，并重点研究了基于气动辅助轨道转移技术实现同平面LEO—LEO的空间交会方案。通过设计标准的同平面HEO—LEO气动辅助轨道转移最优轨迹，得到OTV与目标实现交会必须满足的标准相角，然后采用主动调相法使飞行器运行到高轨道时，恰好满足HEO—LEO气动辅助空间交会的标准相角，最后借助气动辅助轨道转移技术实现空间交会。该方法具有扩大发射窗口，且比基于脉冲主动调相法节省燃料等优点。     

单频GPS动态相对定位的模糊度逼近/搜索解法

针对目前实时动态定位(RTK)中常用搜索解法可靠度不高的缺点,利用各历元诸双差方程所形成的法方程,对其进行解耦处理以便于实时计算.在此基础上综合了逼近、搜索两种解法各自的局部优势,构成了逼近/搜索的联合解法.实际测试表明,该算法在单频全球定位系统(GPS)载波相位差分的动态相对定位过程中,用2～3min的时间即可可靠地在航解算出整周模糊度.     

航天器再对接撤退策略

在航天器交会对接最终逼近段、相对导航系统或其它系统出现故障、不得不中止逼近过程的情况下,若机动发动机仍能正常工作,应撤退至最终逼近段进入点,排除故障后,进行再对接。撤退方式的选择应全面考虑转移时间、速度增量、轨迹视界角以及可能产生的羽烟污染等因素。将相对运动方程设计的机动方案,代入绝对运动的轨道摄动方程中,验证了计算结果的正确性。     

空间交会中拉格朗日乘子法的工程应用

为解决工程中直接使用基于C-W方程的双脉冲法和拉格朗日乘子法时远距离导引精度低,以及分段导引过程复杂和可靠性降低等问题,设计了一种新的冲量计算方法。基于原方法适时引入当前状态和误差信息,继承了拉格朗日法运算简单的优点,并将原开环控制改为闭环控制。仿真结果表明,该法提高了导引精度,同时还充分利用多冲量法的特性实现了更大交会时间范围的燃料最优。     

基于空间交会的天基反卫作战方案

对位于高地球轨道天基平台攻击低地球轨道目标的方案进行了研究,讨论了高轨作战平台的攻击范围。采用完全推力法实现远程空间交会。为消除异面霍曼变轨方法等待时间过长的缺点,提出了两种主动调相方法。研究表明：用该法可实现天基武器由高轨至低轨的空间转移交会,引入主动调相轨道可明显缩短交会所需时间。     

非合作目标自主交会对接的椭圆蔓叶线势函数制导

针对非合作式航天器自主交会对接任务的安全性要求,提出了一种基于椭圆蔓叶线的人工势函数制导方法。首先根据视线坐标系建立了相对动力学方程与状态方程。进而应用人工势函数制导方法解决了非合作目标航天器自主交会对接与静态障碍物躲避问题,并且把势函数方法与椭圆蔓叶线函数相结合,解决了追踪航天器在接近目标航天器时运行在安全走廊中的安全性要求。应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了在所提出的制导方法控制下系统的稳定性。最后,用精确的数学模型进行了计算机数值仿真,验证了所提出的制导控制方法的正确性和有效性。
     

A rendezvous navigation algorithm for orbit determination, based on visual measurements by space vehicle crew members

At present, various radio navigation systems are employed during the automated approach of a transport vehicle to a space station. Experience has shown that emergency situations can occur in which it is necessary to revert to manual override of the automatic approach.Such situations have indeed occurred during flight operations of the space station Mir. The crews of the transport vehicles and the Mir used manual steering more than 30 times for successful docking, and four times for approach to the station.Successful manual steering demands absolute understanding of the relative orbit parameters. The decisive task of the crew is to determine these relative parameters. This is possible using visual observations from either the transport vehicle or the station using simple and reliable instruments. This article explains the algorithm for determining the relative orbits from visual crew observations, based on similarities of relative orbit families.     

航天器双主动交会策略研究

从理论上分析了共面近地圆轨道上的航天器的远程双主动交会的问题.根据轨道动力学基本原理,导出各种情况下特征速度的解析解,为航天器变轨时的燃料消耗分析提供了依据.进一步探讨了航天器轨道转移过程中的时间策略,以保证在不同轨道上运行的航天器在同一时刻、同一空间位置交会.上述理论分析的仿真计算结果表明,双主动交会总特征速度和过程耗时都低于主被动交会情形,单星的燃料消耗大大降低,对大范围快速变轨,优势更加明显.     

Concurrent image-based visual servoing with adaptive zooming for non-cooperative rendezvous maneuvers

An image-based servo controller for the guidance of a spacecraft during non-cooperative rendezvous is presented in this paper. The controller directly utilizes the visual features from image frames of a target spacecraft for computing both attitude and orbital maneuvers concurrently. The utilization of adaptive optics, such as zooming cameras, is also addressed through developing an invariant-image servo controller. The controller allows for performing rendezvous maneuvers independently from the adjustments of the camera focal length, improving the performance and versatility of maneuvers. The stability of the proposed control scheme is proven analytically in the invariant space, and its viability is explored through numerical simulations.     

Tube-based robust output feedback model predictive control for autonomous rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target

In this paper, a tube-based robust output feedback model predictive control method (TRMPC) is proposed for controlling chaser spacecraft docking with a tumbling target in near-circular orbit. The controller contains a simple, stable, Luenberger state estimator and a tube-based robust model predictive controller. Several practical challenges are also considered under dock-enabling conditions, such as the control saturation, velocity constraint, approach corridor constraint, and collision avoidance constraint. Meanwhile, uncertainties are carefully analyzed when designing the controller, including dynamics uncertainty, measurement error, and control deviation. The TRMPC ensures that all possible state trajectories with uncertainties lie in the minimum robust positively invariant set (mRPI, i.e., the so-called tube in this paper). The tube center is the solution of a nominal (without uncertainties) system. Another important contribution of this paper is to propose a technique where it is unnecessary to calculate the mRPI explicitly. Thereby, the ‘curse of dimensionality’ can be avoided for a six-dimensional system. To verify the feasibility of the proposed TRMPC strategy in the presence of uncertainties, two scenarios of autonomous rendezvous and docking (AR&D) are simulated. The simulation results show that the TRMPC method is more efficient in minimizing the uncertainties, fuel consumption, and computational cost, compared to the classic model predictive control (MPC) method.