How Navigational Aids Impair Spatial Memory: Evidence for Divided Attention

Abstract

Research has demonstrated navigational aids impair spatial memory, but has not considered important spatial cognitive concepts. For example, impairment may stem from spatial perspective switches between route-based aids and survey-based memory assessments. Further, the verbal format of aid instructions may selectively interfere with verbal working memory (VWM). To address these potential explanations, participants navigated desktop virtual environments in a goal-directed manner. In each within-participants condition, participants either navigated with a verbal or tonal aid that presented mixed spatial perspective instructions or without aid. Both aids yielded slight navigational advantages and steep spatial memory costs despite their mixed perspective instructions. The equivalent impairment between information formats suggests navigational aids impair spatial memory by dividing attention rather than selective interference of VWM.     

飞机发动机燃料计量系统故障分析的一种方法

随着产品成本和复杂性的提高,故障模式影响分析已成为复杂系统设计过程中不可或缺的部分。但其有效性多年来一直存在争议,其主要原因在于采用以经验为主的定性推理法,分析繁琐,工作量大,导致很难确定每种故障模式的故障影响。本文从BIT设计的角度,以功能角色模型理论为基础,导出在反馈系统中的推理规则和故障模式影响分析方法。最后以喷气式发动机燃料计量系统为例,阐述对该系统进行故障分析的一般步骤。研究表明,本文提出的功能角色模型理论可有效提高故障模式影响分析效率。     

Effects of Basic Path Properties on Human Path Integration

Abstract

We investigated how path integration performance can be influenced by five basic path properties in a Virtual Reality Cube. Participants performed path-completion tasks in hallway paths with up to 12 segments. Distance information was visual, whereas turning angles were specified through vision and body senses. The ridge regression analyses suggested that path integration was affected by the number of segments, overall path length/turning angles, and the correct homing distance. Moreover, an un-correlation paradigm showed that path completion performance might be affected by participants' expectations for the correct homing distance of different paths. Implications on models of path integration were discussed.     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

非单调推理的研究与发展

分析了非单调推理产生的原因以及非单调推理与传统逻辑间的关系，讨论了其典型的两种研究方法及存在的问题，最后指出了非单调推理的发展前景。     

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning for Topological Map Learning

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the application of qualitative spatial reasoning methods for learning the topological map of an unknown environment. We develop a topological mapping framework that achieves robustness against ambiguity in the available information by tracking all possible graph hypotheses simultaneously. We then exploit spatial reasoning to reduce the space of possible hypotheses. The considered constraints are qualitative direction information and the assumption that the map is planar. We investigate the effects of absolute and relative direction information using two different spatial calculi and combine the approach with a real mapping system based on Voronoi graphs.     

CBR方法在液体火箭发动机推力室设计中的应用

液体火箭发动机推力室的设计和制造是一项极其复杂的系统工程,其性能参数、结构形式、组织方式、材料等的选择尤其依赖于设计人员丰富的经验和成功研制型号积累的设计知识。为实现对以往设计经验和知识的继承,在推力室的设计中引入了基于案例推理(CBR,case-based reasoning)的方法。基于案例推理的方法作为人工智能领域的一个重要分支,是指将过去对典型问题的求解事例,按一定的组织方式存储起来,积累成案例库,当用户求解某一新问题时,利用该案例库来指导进行求解的一种策略。根据液体火箭发动机推力室的设计内容、设计流程以及设计特点,得出推力室性能参数关系图,并基于案例推理的方法提出了推力室的案例表示方法和案例调整方案,并应用该调整技术实现了具体的案例调整。     

基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心快速提取

在全极化逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)体制下,二维相干极化几何绕射(CP-GTD)模型能够精确描述雷达目标高频电磁极化散射特性。针对CP-GTD模型,提出了一种基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心参数快速提取方法。该方法利用空域滤波将二维全极化散射中心参数提取问题分解为多个一维全极化散射中心提取问题,进而利用一维旋转不变技术(1D-ESPRIT)分步对全极化散射中心各维参数进行联合估计,最后利用最小二乘方法获得相干极化散射矩阵的估计。此外,采用这样的分步估计过程,可以实现二维参数的自动配对。复杂度分析和仿真实验表明:该方法不仅能够显著降低运算量,并且还能获得较好的估计精度,可以有效地用于目标全极化散射中心提取。     

面向空间通信的DTN一体化传输性能约束研究

相比于地面网络,空间通信链路具有较长的延迟、频繁的中断、较高的误码率及上下行链路非对称等特性,互联网成熟的网络技术并不适用,对网络可靠传输性能的保障提出了挑战。不同于空间IP协议体系方案,针对空间通信链路特性,采用多种传输机制兼容的DTN（delay tolerant networking）协议架构。重点针对链路非对称、和信道误码率等特性,研究对保障可靠传输的TCP和LTP两种传输机制的性能制约,并给出LTP（Licklider transport protocol）机制的跨层包尺寸优化模型。基于半实物仿真平台,构建静止轨道GEO以下的空间通信场景,进行真实数据流仿真,分析链路因素对协议传输性能的影响。仿真结果表明,在近地端误码率和信道非对称比例较小的空间通信场景中,仍可以采用TCP机制保障可靠传输,但对于误码率和信道非对称比例较高的通信场景,应考虑采用LTP传输机制保障通信的有效性和可靠性。