Modeling medium-scale TEC structures,observed by Belgian GPS receivers network

GALOCAD project “Development of a Galileo Local Component for the nowcasting and forecasting of atmospheric disturbances affecting the integrity of high precision Galileo applications” aims to perform a detailed study on ionospheric small- and medium-scale structures and to assess the influence of these structures on the reliability of Galileo precise positioning applications. GPS-derived TEC (total electron content) is obtained from the Belgium Dense Network (BDN), consisting of 67 permanent GPS stations. An empirical 3-D model is developed for studying these ionospheric structures. The model, named LLT model, described temporal variations of TEC in latitude/longitude frame (46°, 52°)N and (−1°, 11°)E. The spatial variations of TEC are modeled by Tchebishev base functions, while the temporal variations are described by a trigonometric basis. To fit the model to the data, the observed area is divided into bins with (1° × 1°) geographic scale and 6 min on time axis. LLT model is made flexible, with varying number of coefficients along each axis. This allows different degree of smoothing, which is the key element of the present approach. Model runs with higher number of coefficients, capturing in details medium-scale TEC structures are subtracted from results obtained with smaller number of coefficients; the latter represent the background ionosphere. The residual structures are localized and followed as they travel across the observed area. In this way, the size, velocity, and direction of the irregular structures are obtained.     

时变磨损间隙对机构可靠性的动态影响

为克服磨损速率恒定和磨损影响因素随机性假设带来的不足,并准确预测机构磨损可靠性的动态变化过程,利用等效弹簧阻尼接触碰撞力模型和磨损过程离散化方法,建立了关节间隙的时变磨损方程;引入PHI2方法、定义上穿率,将时变磨损方程转变成时变可靠性方程,从而提出了含时变间隙多体系统动力学和PHI2方法相结合的磨损可靠性分析方法。以某星载天线双轴定位机构为例,研究了产品可靠性及参数概率灵敏度的动态变化规律,分析了磨损各参数对产品可靠性的影响。结果表明,在稳定磨损阶段结束以前,接触碰撞力是主导因素,其对可靠性的敏感度是其他因素的10倍以上,此后,间隙将超过接触碰撞力,成为新的主导因素;且间隙存在临界情况,在此之前,间隙的适当增大有利于产品可靠性的提高。相比于现有研究强调磨损随机性、忽略磨损过程的非线性变化和间隙时变对可靠性的影响,所提方法能准确预示磨损及可靠性的动态变化过程。     

卫星定位系统与飞行力学

概述了卫星定位系统的发展和应用，重点论述了它与飞行力学的关系，在ＧＰＳ卫星星座布置，地面站测控和用户应用中，飞行力学及其相关学科作为应用基础起到了重要的作用，成为卫星定位这门新兴交叉学科的一部分，最后提出了作为ＧＰＳ高级应用专题的飞行力学若干研究课题。     

Analysis of precipitable water vapor from GPS measurements in Chengdu region: Distribution and evolution characteristics in autumn

The rainfall process of Chengdu region in autumn has obvious regional features. Especially, the night-time rain rate of this region in this season is very high in China. Studying the spatial distribution and temporal variation of regional atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is important for our understanding of water vapor related processes, such as rainfall, evaporation, convective activity, among others in this area. Since GPS detection technology has the unique characteristics, such as all-weather, high accuracy, high spatial and temporal resolution as well as low cost, tracking and monitoring techniques on water vapor has achieved rapid developments in recent years. With GPS–PWV data at 30-min interval gathered from six GPS observational stations in Chengdu region in two autumns (September 2007–December 2007 and September 2008–December 2008), it is revealed that negative correlations exist between seasonally averaged value of GPS–PWV as well as its variation amplitude and local terrain altitude. The variation of PWV in the upper atmosphere of this region results from the water vapor variation from surface to 850 hPa. With the help of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it is found that the autumn PWV in Chengdu region has a multi-scale feature, which includes a seasonal cycle, 22.5 days period (quasi-tri-weekly oscillation). The variation of the GPS–PWV is related to periodical change in the transmitting of the water vapor caused by zonal and meridional wind strengths’ change and to the East Asian monsoon system. According to seasonal variation characteristics, we concluded that the middle October is the critical turning point in PWV content. On a shorter time scale, the relationship between autumn PWV and ground meteorological elements was obtained using the composite analysis approach.     

星载激光测高仪辅助卫星摄影测量浅析

激光测高仪可以快速高精度获取地面高程信息,弥补卫星光学遥感影像三维信息获取能力的不足。采用高精度激光测高数据作为控制信息,符合卫星摄影测量尽量减少地面控制点的发展趋势。文章首先介绍了实际卫星立体测绘中难以解决的问题,结合激光测高的特点,设计了星载激光测高仪辅助空中三角测量立体测绘的方案。根据摄影测量观测方程和激光测高仪对地观测方程,以及卫星影像和激光测高数据外方位元素之间的联系,由光束法平差原理建立观测误差方程。对星载激光测高仪进行定位精度理论分析,采用高精度激光测高数据可以作为高程控制,提高高程观测精度。最后对卫星摄影测量数据与星载激光测高数据联合平差仿真实验,实验结果表明定位精度明显提高。     

卫星信号缺失情况下GPS/SINS组合导航系统研究

针对GPS/SINS组合导航在复杂环境中出现的卫星信号不全情况,在分析SINS误差模型的基础上建立了组合导航的松组合和紧组合模型,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波对两种组合模式进行仿真实验.仿真结果显示,在卫星信号正常情况下,紧组合的导航精度高于松组合;在卫星信号缺失时,松组合转变为单纯的惯性导航,导航误差随时间积累,紧组合虽然误差增大,但在一定时间内仍能提供精确导航信息,提高了GPS/SINS组合导航适应复杂环境的能力.     

多缸同步液压伺服控制系统在线圈压床的应用

介绍了多缸同步液压伺服控制系统在线圈压床中的组成、控制原理,及在线圈压床中的实际应用效果.     

奥克啤酒广告定位剖析

广告效果不好的原因与广告定位的失当有很大关系。作者通过对一个企业的广告定位的剖析，探讨其广告活动的得失及存在问题。     

利用GPS进行角速度确定的研究

提出了一种利用GPS进行载体角速度测量的方法 ,建立了测量数学模型 ,并进行了计算机仿真 ,仿真结果表明 ,该方案可以得到较为满意的结果     

基于多模PPP-AR技术的大气水汽探测性能分析

精密单点定位（precise point positioning，PPP）反演大气可降水量（precipitable water vapor，PWV）具有精度高、实时性强等优点，能够在灾害监测、降雨预报及探测降水信息等方面发挥重要作用。为评估整周模糊度固定模式下PPP-AR（PPP ambiguity resolution）反演PWV的性能，选取全球范围16个MGEX站2022年4个时段的观测数据，采用最终精密星历解算，设置不同星座组合（GPS,BDS-3,GPS+BDS-3,GPS+GLO+GAL+BDS-3）获取对流层延迟（zenith total delay，ZTD）估值，并转换为PWV。从PPP-ZTD与IGS-ZTD的相关性、PPP-ZTD收敛时间、ZTD估值精度和PPP-PWV估值精度4个方面评价多模PPP-AR探测水汽的性能。结果表明，与单（G、C）、双系统（GC）固定解相比，多系统（GREC）固定解获取ZTD估值更加精确，相关系数更高。相较于单、双系统，多系统具有更快的收敛速度，收敛时间分别缩短了27%,25%和20%，多系统固定解与浮点解相比收敛时间缩短11%。此外，对GNSS PPP反演的PWV与探空站PWV（RS-PWV）进行对比，结果表明，WUH2站与HOB2站单、双、多系统固定解、多系统浮点解（float-GREC）的平均均方根误差分别为6.40 mm,6.48 mm,6.19 mm,6.17 mm,6.19 mm和5.82 mm,5.77 mm,5.72 mm,5.62 mm,5.70 mm。多模下得到的PWV估值精度最高，可为高精度的水汽反演提供支持。