导弹从发射箱热发射过程的数值分析

采用三维可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε湍流模型，研究了导弹出箱过程中，弹体姿态偏转后弹底周围环境及发射箱内的流场特性。首先，以超声速欠膨胀射流撞击平板实验为算例，对数值方法的有效性进行验证。其次，分别对导弹在约束期和半约束期箱内流动特性展开研究。研究表明：喷管尾流在发射箱内会形成强烈的引射效应。同时，在弹底会出现明显的回流区域，使导弹出箱时受到额外的阻力。考虑偏转后，发射装置受到的冲击载荷增大2倍以上，发射箱壁面受到的压力增加40%。而且，在半约束期，箱内的流场分布不再对称，会使得导弹受到额外的不平衡力矩。     

The global response of terrestrial ionosphere to the December 2015 space weather event

This paper investigates the ionospheric storm of December 19–21, 2015, which was initiated by two successive CME eruptions that caused a G3 space weather event. We used the in situ electron density (N_e) and electron temperature (T_e) and the Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements from SWARM-A satellite, as well as the O/N₂ observations from TIMED/GUVI to study the ionospheric impact. The observations reveal the longitudinal and hemispherical differences in the ionospheric response to the storm event. A positive ionospheric storm was observed over the American, African and Asian regions on 20 December, and the next day showed a negative storm. Both these exhibited hemispheric differences. A positive storm was observed over the East Pacific region on 21 December. It is seen that the net effect of both the disturbance dynamo electric field and composition differences become important in explaining the observed variability in topside ionospheric densities. In addition, we also discuss the T_e variations that occurred as a consequence of the space weather event.