三角形电极离子阱单向出射及高阶场影响的理论模拟研究

为了扩展离子阱质谱仪在航天领域中的应用范围,本文利用模拟研究方式来提高三角形电极线性离子阱（Triangular-electric linear ion trap,TeLIT）的离子检测效率。本文利用模拟软件SIMION和AXSIM进行理论模拟,采用施加不对称射频电压的方式,研究TeLIT离子单向出射,并通过改变电极角度α来探究高阶电场成分对离子单向出射性能的影响。实验结果表明：当α取目前报道的最优参数140°时,在射频电压差Δ=20%处,获得的离子单向出射率可达89.5%。而当α=135°时,获得的最高离子单向出射效率接近95%,优于TeLIT最优参数α=140°时的出射率。此外,本文还讨论了不同α情况下,获得最高出射效率时,模拟质谱峰的质量分辨率,结果表明扫描速率约为1 500 Th/s时,α=135°时获得的质量分辨率可达2 500。     

弹射座椅救生性能研究

针对座椅在铅垂面内弹射的简化模型,建立了系统的非线性运动方程,然后用推进阵面法建立了人－椅系统平面的非结构网络,并用Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程作为主控方程对某型座椅的气动阻 力系数,升力系数和气动力矩系数进行了验证性计算,最后对非线性运动方程在时域内进行积分,得到人－椅系统运动轨迹,运动速度和旋转角速度等性能参数,并与座椅弹射测试结果进行了比较分析,结果表明,用非结构网络计算的座椅气动特性与座椅吹风数据吻合,计算了弹射救生性能曲线与试验数据的趋势基本一致。     

挠性航天器的退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制

针对参数不确定的挠性航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种退步直接自适应控制算法。首先验证了挠性航天器动力学子系统的近似严格正实性,并设计了具有理想控制性能的参考模型;然后对以姿态四元数描述的运动学子系统设计常系数输出反馈中间控制律,使航天器姿态四元数输出渐近跟踪参考模型输出;最后退一步,对具有参数不确定特性的动力学子系统,基于非线性直接自适应控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制器,并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法能有效抑制挠性附件的振动,对挠性航天器的控制是有效的。     

过载与弹射速度关系研究及神经网络实现

 弹射速度是弹射座椅双态程序控制的主要输入参数之一,其和弹射高度一同决定了救生伞的开伞时间。试验发现,在某些特定的条件下,弹射速度的测量会出现较大误差从而严重影响弹射救生系统的救生性能。提出一种根据弹射座椅出舱瞬间人椅系统体轴 x 方向过载( n_x )值判断弹射速度的方法。建立了人椅系统出舱阶段的数学模型,在MSC.EASY5基础平台上开发了模块化的仿真模型,并基于批处理原理进行了求解器设计。通过数值仿真,建立了平飞状态不同弹射高度及弹射离机质量下体轴 x 方向过载值与弹射速度之间的关系曲线。利用基于误差反向传播算法的人工神经网络,即BP神经网络实现了输入向量（弹射高度及体轴 x 方向过载）到输出值（弹射速度）之间的连续非线性映射。分析了不利姿态参数对关系曲线的影响,在满足工程要求的情况下,可以忽略其影响。用本文方法判断得到的弹射速度与地面弹射试验数据进行了比较,结果表明误差满足工程要求,可以作为弹射速度测量的一种余度设计。     

Science objectives of the magnetic field experiment onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft

The Aditya-L1 is first Indian solar mission scheduled to be placed in a halo orbit around the first Lagrangian point (L1) of Sun-Earth system in the year 2018–19. The approved scientific payloads onboard Aditya-L1 spacecraft includes a Fluxgate Digital Magnetometer (FGM) to measure the local magnetic field which is necessary to supplement the outcome of other scientific experiments onboard. The in-situ vector magnetic field data at L1 is essential for better understanding of the data provided by the particle and plasma analysis experiments, onboard Aditya-L1 mission. Also, the dynamics of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can be better understood with the help of in-situ magnetic field data at the L1 point region. This data will also serve as crucial input for the short lead-time space weather forecasting models.The proposed FGM is a dual range magnetic sensor on a 6?m long boom mounted on the Sun viewing panel deck and configured to deploy along the negative roll direction of the spacecraft. Two sets of sensors (tri-axial each) are proposed to be mounted, one at the tip of boom (6?m from the spacecraft) and other, midway (3?m from the spacecraft). The main science objective of this experiment is to measure the magnitude and nature of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) locally and to study the disturbed magnetic conditions and extreme solar events by detecting the CME from Sun as a transient event. The proposed secondary science objectives are to study the impact of interplanetary structures and shock solar wind interaction on geo-space environment and to detect low frequency plasma waves emanating from the solar corona at L1 point. This will provide a better understanding on how the Sun affects interplanetary space.In this paper, we shall give the main scientific objectives of the magnetic field experiment and brief technical details of the FGM onboard Aditya-1 spacecraft.     

CMEs and active regions on the sun

The relationship between active regions (ARs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is studied. For this purpose a statistical analysis of 694 CMEs associated with ARs was carried out. We considered the relationship between properties of the CMEs and ARs characterized using the McIntosh classification. We demonstrated that CMEs are likely to be launched from ARs in the mature phase of their evolution when they have complex magnetic field. The fastest and halo CMEs can be ejected only from the most complex ARs (when an AR is a bipolar group of spots with large asymmetric penumbras around the main spot with many smaller spots in the group). We also showed that the wider events have a tendency to originate from uncomplicated magnetic structures. This tendency was used for estimation of the real angular widths of the halo CMEs. The probability of launching of fast CMEs increases together with increase of the complexity and size of ARs. The widest, but slow, CMEs originate from the simplest magnetic structure which are still able to produce CMEs. Our results could be useful for forecasting of space weather.     

Cut-off features in interplanetary solar radio type IV emission

Solar radio type IV bursts can sometimes show directivity, so that no burst is observed when the source region in located far from the solar disk center. This has recently been verified also from space observations, at decameter wavelengths, using a 3D-view to the Sun with STEREO and Wind satellites. It is unclear whether the directivity is caused by the emission mechanism, by reduced radio wave formation toward certain directions, or by absorption/blocking of radio waves along the line of sight. We present here observations of three type IV burst events that occurred on 23, 25, and 29 July 2004, and originated from the same active region. The source location of the first event was near the solar disk center and in the third event near the west limb. Our analysis shows that in the last two events the type IV bursts experienced partial cut-offs in their emission, that coincided with the appearance of shock-related type II bursts. The type II bursts were formed at the flanks and leading fronts of propagating coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events support the suggestion of absorption toward directions where the type II shock regions are located.     

文丘利型蒸汽减温器的设计与应用

对文丘利型减温器的结构及原理进行介绍,讨论了文丘利减温器的喷嘴、内扩散器等重要内件的设计计算,阐述减温减压系统的组成,结合实际应用案例对减温减压系统进行设计选型,并通过现场实测验证其性能。实测结果表明该减温减压系统可以满足实际应用的要求,并达到节能目的。     

二次燃烧对自力弹射内弹道影响分析

目前弹射所用低温药柱的燃烧平衡产物中含有可燃气体成分,遇初容室内氧气后发生二次燃烧,影响初容室内流场与弹射内弹道特性。为了分析二次燃烧对自力弹射方案内弹道的影响,建立了自力弹射可压缩流动仿真模型,结合有限速率化学反应模型与动网格技术,利用PISO(压力隐式算子分裂法)算法对控制方程进行数值求解。计算结果表明,二次燃烧使得初容室初始压力峰值时刻提前,并影响初始压力峰值大小。仿真分析结果为自力弹射内弹道设计提供了理论参考。     

PROGRESS IN HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS

This is an overview of progresses in heliospheric physics made in China in the period of June, 2000 to May, 2002. The report is focused on theoretical studies,modelling and observational analysis of interplanetary physical phenomena, and consists of five sections: the acceleration and heating of the solar wind, corona structures, coronal mass ejections, magnetic reconnection phenomena, and in terplanetary transient phenomena. The main achievements made recently by Chinese scientists in related areas are simply listed in corresponding sections without any priority, only certain editorial consideration.