Actors of the main activity in large complex centres during the 23 solar cycle maximum

During the maximum of Solar Cycle 23, large active regions had a long life, spanning several solar rotations, and produced large numbers of X-class flares and CMEs, some of them associated to magnetic clouds (MCs). This is the case for the Halloween active regions in 2003. The most geoeffective MC of the cycle (Dst = −457) had its source during the disk passage of one of these active regions (NOAA 10501) on 18 November 2003. Such an activity was presumably due to continuous emerging magnetic flux that was observed during this passage. Moreover, the region exhibited a complex topology with multiple domains of different magnetic helicities. The complexity was observed to reach such unprecedented levels that a detailed multi-wavelength analysis is necessary to precisely identify the solar sources of CMEs and MCs. Magnetic clouds are identified using in situ measurements and interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data. Results from these two different sets of data are also compared.     

固定翼舰载战斗机关键技术与未来发展

在大国竞争和国际战略环境激变的背景下,作战样式的变革、潜在的使用需求和先进技术的助推使得未来舰载机发展引向何处的讨论成为多方关注的焦点。本文在剖析固定翼舰载机发展主要驱动因素的基础上,梳理了支撑舰载机发展的起飞、着舰、一体化保障、环境适应性设计等核心关键技术的演进路径,并基于对未来智能技术、无人机技术发展的研判,针对未来舰载机作战使用涉及的有人/无人协同作战、多域协同、舰载航空体系化发展等问题进行讨论,提出了新一代固定翼舰载战斗机的主要能力和技术特征。     

舰载机前机身结构地面弹射冲击响应

以舰载机前机身结构和前起落架部分构件为研究对象,分析其在地面弹射过程中,弹射力冲击下的动态响应。通过地面弹射模拟试验和刚柔耦合模拟对比分析,发现试验结果与模拟结果基本吻合,从而验证了地面模拟弹射冲击加载试验方法的可靠性及刚柔耦合模拟方法的可行性。由试验结果和模拟分析,可得出弹射过程中飞机前机身结构最大过载传递路径和应变分布,同时给出了前机身动态应力分布。地面弹射试验和模拟为舰载机的结构设计、强度校核以及整机弹射试验提供了参考依据。     

大子午扩张涡轮端区的流动传热及端区正弯效果的数值研究

为了研究大子午扩张涡轮端区流动和传热特性,并研究叶片端区正弯技术在大子午扩张涡轮中的气动和传热效果,对某大子午扩张涡轮静叶进行数值模拟。运用SST湍流模型精确捕捉流动结构,并进行了气动和传热预测的有效性实验验证。通过分析结果,对大子午扩张涡轮端区流动和传热特性以及两者相互影响关系进行了深入研究,分析了端区正弯技术在重组大子午扩张涡轮端区流动以及合理分布热负荷的应用效果。结果表明：大子午扩张端壁导致涡轮端壁附面层的强烈分离,通道涡分离点提前约15%,高传热区受马蹄涡和通道涡的强烈影响;端区正弯有效地改善了大子午扩张静叶端壁的附面层分离,减小前缘的热负荷25%,提高涡轮的气热性能。     

Kuafu and the studies of CME initiation

We first briefly review the current trend in the studies of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), then summarize some recent efforts in understanding the CME initiation. Emphasis has been put on the studies of Earth-directed CMEs whose associated surface activity and large scale magnetic source have been well identified. The data analysis by combining the MDI full disc magnetograms, vector magnetograms of active regions, EUV waves and dimmings, non-thermal radio sources, and the SOHO LASCO observations has shed new light in understanding the CME magnetism. However, the current studies seem to invoke new observations in a few aspects: (1) The observations which enable us to trace CMEs from the earliest associated surface activity to its initial acceleration and key development in the low corona in the height of 1–3 R; (2) The imaging spectroscopic observations which can be used to diagnose the early plasma outflow and the line-of-sight velocity in understanding the kinematics of CMEs; (3) The accurate timing from primary magnetic energy release, manifested by chromospheric activity, non-thermal radio bursts, and EUV, X-ray and γ-ray emissions, to the CME initiation, early acceleration and propagation, and the consequences in the interplanetary space and magnetosphere. The Kuafu Mission will meet the basic requirement for the new observations in CME initiation studies and serve as a monitor of space weather of the Sun–Earth system.     

脉冲爆震发动机喷管性能数值分析

采用详细的化学反应机理,对脉冲爆震发动机的不同结构喷管进行了二维轴对称单循环数值模拟.分析了爆震波在爆震室内的传播过程以及传出后的流场情况,模拟所得的爆震波参数与STANJAN值较为一致.对4种单喷管和4种组合喷管的性能模拟结果表明:扩张喷管可以产生最大的瞬时推力峰值和比冲;带引射的组合喷管产生的平均推力比单喷管产生的平均推力要大.最后对非稳态引射过程进行了分析,为提高脉冲爆震发动机的性能提供参考.      

低速引射对高超声速飞行器气动加热影响

为研究低速引射对高超声速飞行器气动加热的影响,对高超声速来流条件下大面积平板引射进行数值模拟,讨论了引射孔结构、迎角和引射入口速度对边界层流场的影响,得到了不同引射孔结构下壁面热流,引射影响因子及流动参数随引射入口速度的变化。结果表明:低速气体引射在一定程度上能缓解引射区域壁面和下游壁面的气动加热情况。4种引射状态中引射孔结构4(即面引射)壁面热流最低,其他3种引射孔结构冷却效果基本相当。相同条件下10°迎角低速气体引射降热效果明显优于0°迎角的情况。引射入口速度v=20 m/s时,0°迎角情况下,引射区引射影响因子约为0.23,即壁面平均热流降低约23%;10°迎角情况下,引射区引射影响因子约为0.45,约为0°迎角情况的2倍。     

ICME期间磁暴的太阳风参数和极光沉降能量

基于1995-2004年ICME驱动的强烈磁暴(SA型)、强磁暴(SB型)和延迟型主相暴(SC型)三种磁暴类型,对1AU处太阳风动压、太阳风速度、行星际磁场、EK-L电场以及极光沉降能量进行时序叠加分析,并分别与-vBz耦合函数和Newell耦合函数进行对比.结果表明,三种磁暴在ICME到达前期的太阳风动压较稳定,背景太阳风、极光沉降能量、行星际磁场和磁层存在相对平静期. ICME到达前期SA型磁暴的背景太阳风速度、行星际磁场南向分量以及极光沉降能量的均值高于另外两种磁暴类型,这说明大型日冕物质抛射在ICME到达前就对行星际磁场、背景太阳风和HP产生了影响.磁暴急始后,SC型磁暴的EK-L电场斜率小,峰值延后且行星际磁场北向分量增强,这些都是磁暴主相延迟的表现,极光沉降能量随着行星际磁场转为南向而增加.     

含硼富燃料推进剂一次燃烧喷射效率影响因素分析

通过燃气发生器法测试含硼富燃料推进剂一次燃烧喷射效率,分析推进剂组分和喷射装置对一次燃烧喷射效率的影响。研究认为推进剂组分调整中,有利于提高推进剂燃速和一次燃烧温度的因素,基本上有利于提高一次燃烧喷射效率;当硼含量为30%时,通过调整推进剂配方,选用非壅塞喷射装置,一次燃烧喷射效率可达97%。