充分发挥郑州航空港区扩散辐射作用的构想——基于增长极视角

2013年国务院批复了《郑州航空港经济综合实验区发展规划》（简称为郑州航空港区规划）之后,学界和政界开始更多地关注郑州航空港区这一增长极自身的集聚功能和经济增长,但怎样正确理解增长极的极化和扩散效应机理以及如何弱化它的负面影响、强化其扩散带动作用的研究成果并不多见。文章在研究增长极的极化扩散效应机理的基础上,提出以下强化郑州航空港区扩散辐射效应的建议：（1）以提高经济效率为主线,预防增长极过度膨胀;（2）掌握增长极辐射力衰减规律,边缘地区不能等着送“货”上门;（3）相对均衡的政策制度安排,有利于整个区域经济的协调发展;（4）加快腹地和落后地区的发展,为承接产业转移提供条件;（5）健全市场经济体制,畅通要素自由流动渠道;（6）调整产业结构趋同化,强化增长极的辐射带动效应。     

三维体心立方晶体声子谱的解析解

考虑到第三近邻相互作用情况下,利用晶格动力学方法,确定晶格振动的动力学矩阵及其本征方程,求解三维体心立方晶体声子谱,给出了非简并情况下声子谱的能量及与其对应的极化向量的解析解。并在第一布里渊区的全空间讨论了声子谱的特性,指出了声子谱能量只在第一布里渊区的主要对称点线面上具有简并现象,并按其极化向量判断了纵向声子与横向声子的特性。     

环形刚框的塑性分析

本文在理想弹-塑性材料和应变平面分布的基础上,建立塑性铰概念,对环形刚框进行了塑性分析。通过塑性铰的形成,列补充方程,用静力学方法解出一超静定度数为3环形刚框所能承受的极限载荷。与弹性计算方法计算结果相比较:环形刚框所能承受的极限载荷有很大提高。这一计算实例显示出:由于考虑了材料的塑性性能和载荷在结构中的重新分布,塑性分析可以更合理的计算结构强度,更充分地利用材料,减轻结构重量。而这些对于飞机设计来说都是非常重要的。     

Reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle satisfying complex constraints

The reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle（HV）is a current problem of great interest.Some complex constraints,such as waypoints for reconnaissance and no-fly zones for threat avoidance,are inevitably involved in a global strike mission.Of the many direct methods,Gauss pseudospectral method（GPM）has been demonstrated as an effective tool to solve the trajectory optimization problem with typical constraints.However,a series of diffculties arises for complex constraints,such as the uncertainty of passage time for waypoints and the inaccuracy of approximate trajectory near no-fly zones.The research herein proposes a multi-phase technique based on the GPM to generate an optimal reentry trajectory for HV satisfying waypoint and nofly zone constraints.Three kinds of specifc breaks are introduced to divide the full trajectory into multiple phases.The continuity conditions are presented to ensure a smooth connection between each pair of phases.Numerical examples for reentry trajectory optimization in free-space flight and with complex constraints are used to demonstrate the proposed technique.Simulation results show the feasible application of multi-phase technique in reentry trajectory optimization with waypoint and no-fly zone constraints.     

增强氟塑料干法制备工艺研究

对生产增强氟塑料的原材料P202和FR104两种聚四氟乙烯树脂性能进行了对比,采用“干法”制备工艺并对工艺参数进行改进,生产出FS-20d和FS-35d增强氟塑料。生产制品测试结果表明：“干法”制备工艺配方稳定、生产工艺稳定,制品的耐磨性能、耐高温性能、致密性、均匀性和相分散性均优于“湿法”制备工艺制品。     

数字样机区域检查流程及其在直升机研制中的应用

为提升直升机产品的市场竞争力,提高数字样机协同设计的效率与质量,提出了数字样机的区域化协调思想以及区域划分原则,建立了规范的数字样机区域检查流程。应用于某民用直升机协同设计,缩短了区域内数字模型加载时间,提高了区域级数字样机干涉检查与维护性分析的效率,验证了区域划分方法及检查流程的有效性。     

直角切削6061-T6铝合金剪切区力学行为及微观结构演化预测

力学行为是塑性变形微观过程的宏观表现,早期的金属切削理论模型没有考虑微观结构对切削力的影响。在考虑热力耦合效应的基础上建立了基于位错密度材料模型的6061-T6铝合金直角切削力预测模型,分析了不同切削参数下基于位错运动的塑性变形机制对切削力的影响。结合等分剪切区和非等分剪切区模型,构建了第一变形区多物理场计算方法,提出一种切屑形成过程中由塑性变形引起的微观结构演化解析模型。通过测量切削力和切屑内晶粒尺寸对模型的可行性进行了初步验证。结果表明：剪切区长度变长引起参与位错滑移的材料增多是切削深度增大导致切削力增大的主要原因。增大切削速度导致切削力的降低不是单一变量影响的结果,而是应变降低引起位错增殖数量减少和温度升高引起位错湮灭作用增加的共同作用结果。非等分剪切区模型正确反映了第一变形区温度和应力的分布特征,且与二维有限元模型分布相一致,建立的第一变形区微观结构演化解析模型能够预测切屑内位错密度和晶粒尺寸。     

利用零运动避免SGCMG框架轴转速死区的方法

研究了应用SGCMG零运动避免框架轴转速死区的方法。利用奇异值分解的方法对SGCMG的零运动进行分析,提取正交的零空间基底与各个基底对应的坐标值。以SGCMG零运动尽量远离零为原则选取性能指标,令性能指标取极小,求解出零空间基底坐标方向的单位列阵。以每一个SGCMG的框架轴转速均大于死区转速为准则,给出了选取零空间基底坐标列阵模长的方法。设计SGCMG零空间基底坐标的调节策略,能使得SGCMG长时间运行在框架轴转速死区外。最后给出含有卫星姿态控制系统的仿真实例,校验了所设计零运动的有效性。     

辅助加热温度对铝合金厚板FSW焊缝成形的影响

对铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）而言,焊缝底部金属温度低、流动能力差是导致焊缝成形困难的主要原因。为此,本研究采用辅助加热的方式对待焊母材底部进行预热,分析辅助加热温度对厚板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,随着辅助加热温度从20℃升高至80℃时,焊缝成形质量先变好后变差,宏观表现为焊缝内部焊核区宽度、高度及面积呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而疏松区面积呈现先减小后增大的趋势。其中,当辅助加热温度为40℃时,焊缝成形质量最好,焊核区尺寸最大,疏松区消失;而当辅助加热温度升高至80℃时,焊缝成形质量最差,疏松区面积最大。研究认为,其主要原因是添加合适的辅助加热温度可显著提高焊核区塑性金属的峰值温度及高温停留时间,塑性金属流动能力明显提高,焊缝成形质量得到极大改善。焊核区塑性金属的迁移方式由沿搅拌针表面向焊缝上部高温区迁移向挤压焊核区周边冷金属横向迁移转变。但是,当辅助加热温度太高时,焊核区塑性金属迁移方式开始转变为原始的沿搅拌针表面向焊缝上部高温区迁移,且此迁移程度有明显增大的趋势,导致焊缝内部疏松区缺陷再次出现。     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.