亚燃冲压模型燃烧室高空负压试验

为了验证亚燃冲压燃烧室在高空负压条件下稳定工作的能力,设计了带蒸发式值班火焰稳定器与直射式喷油装置的亚燃冲压模型燃烧室,对该模型燃烧室进行了冷态流阻试验、贫油熄火边界试验以及不同截面燃烧效率试验研究。研究结果表明,试验件的冷态流阻系数略大于1,冷态总压恢复系数0.98以上;蒸发式火焰稳定器贫油熄火边界较宽;两截面燃烧效率最低相差6%,最高相差19%,在高空负压条件下,增加燃烧段长度能显著提高燃烧效率。     

正压法音速喷嘴气体流量标准装置压力调节改造

正压法音速喷嘴气体流量标准装置由于能提供尽量接近使用工况的校准条件,近年得到了广泛的应用。但由于其前端采用空压机供气,系统压力不易控制。本文提供了一种解决系统压力波动和控制系统压力的方法。该方法采用稳压装置前加带反馈的流量调节阀。改造后系统压力可以得到很好的控制。     

Effect of the Interplanetary Electric Field on the Magnetopause From Global MHD Simulations

The north-south component B_z of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and solar wind dynamic pressure P_d are generally treated as the two main factors in the solar wind that determine the geometry of the magnetosphere. By using the 3D global MHD simulations, we investigate the effect of the Interplanetary Electric Field (IEF) on the size and shape of magnetopause quantitatively. Our numerical experiments confirm that the geometry of the magnetopause are mainly determined by P_dB_z, as expected. However, the dawn-dusk IEFs have great impact on the magnetopause erosion because of the magnetic reconnection, thus affecting the size and shape of the magnetopause. Higher solar wind speed with the same B_z will lead to bigger dawn-dusk IEFs, which means the higher reconnection rate, and then results in more magnetic flux removal from the dayside. Consequently, the dayside magnetopause moves inward and flank magnetopause moves outward.      

Microscopic approach to analyze solar-sail space-environment effects

Near-sun space-environment effects on metallic thin films solar sails as well as hollow-body sails with inflation fill gas are considered. Analysis of the interaction of the solar radiation with the solar-sail materials is presented. This analysis evaluates worst-case solar radiation effects during solar-radiation-pressure acceleration. The dependence of the thickness of solar sail on temperature and on wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is investigated. Physical processes of the interactions of photons, electrons, protons and α-particles with sail material atoms and nuclei, and inflation fill gas molecules are analyzed. Calculations utilized conservative assumptions with the highest values for the available cross sections for interactions of solar photons, electrons and protons with atoms, nuclei and hydrogen molecules. It is shown that for high-energy photons, electrons and protons the beryllium sail is mostly transparent. Sail material will be partially ionized by solar UV and low-energy solar electrons. For a hollow-body photon sail effects including hydrogen diffusion through the solar-sail walls, and electrostatic pressure is considered. Electrostatic pressure caused by the electrically charged sail’s electric field may require mitigation since sail material tensile strength decreases with elevated temperature. It also can substitute inflation-gas pressure loss due to gas diffusion and perforation by micrometeoroids impact to keep the sail inflated.     

嵌入中空纤维的树脂基复合阻尼材料设计

文章对一种耦合了中空纤维原材料阻尼特性和中空结构缓冲作用的嵌入中空纤维的树脂基复合阻尼新材料进行了研究.分析了各影响因素对三层中空纤维层合(3-HL)、带约束层的单层中空纤维夹心(2-CSLH)、带约束层的中空纤维蜂窝夹心结构(2-CSHC)这三种结构复合材料阻尼性能的主次影响规律,且前两者中阻尼最优试样与2-CSHC试样阻尼值大于0.54的阻尼平台区较宽,△Hz分别为5Hz-112Hz,7Hz-200Hz;阻尼峰值分别可达0.56和0.59;结构设计优越性为2-CSHC>2-CSLH>3-HL.     

赛宾混响时间计算公式的推广

文章由稳态声压级和平均掩蔽量,提出混响时间的新定义,导出混响时间的一般公式.     

叶片前缘改型对涡轮叶栅二次流的影响

以某典型高压涡轮叶栅为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了两种端壁前缘改型结构对涡轮叶栅二次流产生的影响。结果表明,带状结构(Fillet)以及适当尺寸的球形结构(Bulb)可以改善涡轮叶栅内部二次流,并且降低涡轮出口气动损失。其中尺寸的选择对于球形结构(Bulb)影响很大。两种不同的改型结构相比较,带状结构(Fillet)改型方案对二次流的改善效果较为明显,结果更为理想。     

扰流板进气总压畸变试验

在吊舱进气道进口安装扰流板进行试验,研究扰流板进气畸变的影响因素及总压畸变特征。试验得到了进气道出口若干马赫数下进气总压畸变的定量数据,研究了进气道出口压力分布和畸变指数随飞行马赫数、扰流板堵塞比、进气道出口马赫数的变化关系。试验结果表明：进气道出口对应点总压恢复系数随扰流板堵塞比和进气道出口马赫数的减小而增大,几乎不随飞行马赫数发生变化;受扰流板、飞行侧滑角以及发动机低压转子转向影响,进气道出口局部区域存在高压区,高压区域的大小和位置随飞行马赫数、扰流板堵塞比、进气道出口马赫数的变化而变化;各总压畸变指数随扰流板堵塞比和进气道出口马赫数增大而增大,飞行马赫数对畸变指数影响很小。同时,数值计算了不同飞行马赫数下进气道出口总压畸变特征及周向稳态畸变指数,与试验结果结论一致,验证了试验结果的可靠性,也证明了数值计算在总压畸变研究中的有效性。研究工作为进一步的空中逼喘试验奠定了基础。     

超燃冲压发动机双凹腔燃烧室氢气燃烧流场分析

为了比较超燃冲压发动机中双凹腔燃烧室相对于单凹腔燃烧室在促进燃烧方面的优势,运用高速摄影仪拍摄了氢气当量比为0.07时燃烧室中的火焰情况,结合数值仿真结果,得出如下结论:小当量比情况下氢气燃烧很稳定,燃烧区域主要集中于前凹腔的剪切层和该凹腔所围成的三角区以及该凹腔下游壁面位置,燃料喷口周围没有火焰;无论是串联凹腔燃烧室还是并联凹腔燃烧室,相同条件下燃烧时壁面压力均比单凹腔燃烧室高,串联凹腔之间的回流区为燃烧提供了有利的条件;在一定范围内,串联凹腔之间的距离越近,燃烧放热越集中,壁面压力越高.