基于改进GPC的无人直升机动态路径规划

针对小型无人直升机航迹受到风场扰动和导航系统定位误差影响下的航迹最优规划问题,建立了风扰动和导航误差影响下的飞行航迹线性模型。基于混合整数规划思想,采用粒子滤波改进广义模型预测控制算法实时规划航迹,降低了导航定位误差造成的航迹估计偏差,提高了航迹估计精度。仿真结果表明,该算法能够生成三维可行航迹并躲避障碍物,且规划时间和无人机能耗较传统方法显著减少。     

金属聚合物复合材料的电树枝生长模拟

为了研究金属聚合物复合材料的击穿特性,在WZ模型的基础上建立了在绝缘聚合物介质中填充不同体积浓度的理想金属粒子的逾渗模型。利用计算机对放电通道的发展进行仿真,并对得到的仿真图形进行比较,研究了金属颗粒的体积浓度、下极板施加的电压、放电通道内的阈值电压和树点发展的概率指数对放电通道发展的影响。结果表明,金属粒子体积浓度越大,则放电树枝分枝越多。因此,填充金属颗粒可以明显地增强绝缘介质的导电性,其中逾渗阈值为0.6。下极板施加的电压越大,放电通道内的阈值电压和树点发展的概率指数越小,则放电树枝分枝越多,同时放电树枝生长过程中的积累损伤越大,该规律与实际放电情况相符合。     

粒子群混合算法在变导向器面积计算中的应用

求解非线性方程组经典方法具有严格的局部收敛性;粒子群等进化算法解决了全局收敛的问题,但计算效率偏低,存在最优解不稳定的问题。结合经典Newton-Raphson法的超线性收敛速度和粒子群算法全局收敛能力的粒子群混合算法具备2类算法的优点。在迭代初期采用粒子群算法获得的近似全局解作为Newton-Raphson算法的初始值,以确定高精度的解。利用粒子群混合算法在发动机变导向器面积的大偏离计算中获得了较好的收敛效果,解决了常规Newton-Raphson法不收敛的问题。     

二维振动结构的颗粒阻尼实验

采用非接触式激光测振仪对自由端附有空腔的L型悬臂梁进行了颗粒阻尼减振实验,考查了空腔尺寸对颗粒阻尼的影响规律,得到了二维颗粒阻尼的相关特性.结果表明:①非线性的颗粒阻尼能够显著地抑制结构振动,且阻尼值至少比金属材料阻尼大一个数量级;②二维颗粒阻尼在各个方向上具有相似的阻尼特性,随无量纲加速度的增加,颗粒阻尼先增大后减小...     

采用移动粒子法对蒸发管结构优化

采用数值模拟方法研究在驻涡燃烧室试验中出现的部分燃油在外环冷却腔中燃烧的现象,分析导致过低的燃烧效率的原因,并通过优化设计对此现象加以解决.通过移动粒子半隐式方法的计算,结果基本还原了燃油回溅现象,查找出蒸发管结构设计中直段长度过短,并对蒸发管直段结构进行优化加长.在结构优化后的计算中,燃油回溅现象已经得到了很好的抑制,计算溅出的粒子由总数的50%降低至10%左右;试验结果得到的温升法燃烧效率也相应的由50%左右上升至80%～90%,从而验证了优化设计的正确性.     

基于PSO的多观测器轨迹优化研究

在多观测站目标被动跟踪过程中,多观测器运动轨迹对定位跟踪精度有重要影响.为提高对运动目标的跟踪精度,将目标滤波协方差的迹作为目标优化函数,提出一种基于粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimi-zation,PSO)的多观测器轨迹优化方法,并将轨迹优化加入运动目标被动跟踪过程中,实现了观测器自适应运动下的运...     

Charged particles on the Earth–Jupiter–Europa spacecraft trajectory

Charged particle fluxes on the trajectory of future Russian space research mission to Jupiter and its satellite Europa are investigated. The existing experimental data and models of Jupiter’s main magnetic field and radiation belts are summarized. Preliminary results of computations of energetic particle fluxes and radiation doses for each stage of the flight are given. Special attention is paid to estimation of radiation conditions in Europa’s orbit and on its surface; influence of the satellite on spatial distribution of the fluxes of charged particles of various energies is studied.     

热发射测速技术

本文叙述了一种通过探测高温两相流中热粒子的热辐射来测量粒子速度的热发射测速技术,该技术曾多次用于测量电弧加热器射流和火箭弹尾喷火焰中的粒子速度,取得了比较满意的结果。     

Black-hole transients: From QPOs to relativistic jets

Due to the impressive amount of new data provided by the RXTE satellite in the past decade, our knowledge of the phenomenology of accretion onto black holes has increased considerably. In particular, it has been possible to schematize the outburst evolution of transient systems on the basis of their spectral and timing properties, and link them to the ejection of relativistic jets as observed in the radio. Here, I present this scheme, concentrating on the properties of the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the light curves and on the link with jet ejection.     

Fluid instabilities around accreting X-ray sources

Some aspects of fluid instabilities occurring in the magnetospheres of accreting neutron stars are discussed. It is pointed out that (i) in the absence of strong differential rotation, the accreting plasma should be drawn out into spiralling, sheet-like structures, resulting in efficient mixing between the two media; (ii) the Rayleigh-Taylor instability also acts to limit the X-ray luminosity in super-critical sources; and (iii) magnetic shear has a strong stabilizing influence on Kelvin-Helmholtz modes, and its presence may allow substantial amounts of material to be supported around the magnetosphere.