Simulation study of motion of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere

This article aims to understand the motion of the charged particles trapped in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. The emphasis is on identifying the numerical scheme, which is appropriate to characterize the trajectories of the charged particles of different energies that enter the Earth’s magnetosphere and get trap along the magnetic field lines. These particles perform three different periodic motions, namely: gyration, bounce, and azimuthal drift. However, often, the gyration of the particle is ignored, and only the guiding center of the particle is traced to reduce the computational time. It is because the simulation of all three motions (gyro, bounce, and drift) together needed a robust numerical scheme, which has less numerical dissipation. We have developed a three-dimensional test particle simulation model in which the relativistic equation of motion is solved numerically using the fourth and sixth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The stability of the simulation model is verified by checking the conservation of total kinetic energy and adiabatic invariants linked with each type of motion. We found that the sixth-order Runge-Kutta method is suitable to trace the complete trajectories of both proton and electron of a wide energy range, 5 keV to 250 MeV for L = 2 – 6. We have estimated the bounce and drift periods from the simulations, and they are found to be in good agreement with the theory. The study implies that a simulation model with sixth-order Runge-Kutta method can be applied to the time-vary, non-analytical form of magnetic configuration in future studies to understand the dynamics of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere.     

The infra-red background generated by pregalactic stars and their remnants

We examine whether the IR background reported by Matsumoto (1983) could have been generated by stars or black holes in the pregalactic era, z=10100.     

双损耗Al2O3基多孔吸波材料的制备及其吸波性能

基于片状Al₂O₃陶瓷互锁结构强度高的特点,制备出夹杂石墨的高气孔率的Al₂O₃多孔陶瓷,并通过原位还原在多孔骨架中制备出Ni微粒,形成一种轻质的双损耗陶瓷基吸波材料。通过XRD、FE-SEM和EDS研究了还原温度对多孔吸波材料的组成、微观形貌、元素分布和吸波性能的影响。结果表明,还原温度升温至700 ℃可将多孔网络中Ni完全还原,形成以堆叠互锁Al₂O₃为基,夹杂片状石墨和孔表面覆盖Ni微粒的双损耗轻质吸波材料。当复合材料厚度为6.5 mm时,最小反射损耗为-35.01 dB,有效吸收带宽达到1.75 GHz。片状Al₂O₃锁定的石墨片构筑的导电网络,Ni微粒与基体之间的极化效应等共同促进复合材料良好的微波吸收性能。     

Mass and performance optimization of an airplane wing leading edge structure against bird strike using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis

Collisions between birds and aircraft are one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. In this study, smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used for simulating the bird strike to an airplane wing leading edge structure. In order to verify the model, first, experiment of bird strike to a flat aluminum plate is simulated, and then bird impact on an airplane wing lead-ing edge structure is investigated. After that, considering dimensions of wing internal structural components like ribs, skin and spar as design variables, we try to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation simultaneously. To do this, bird strike simulations to 18 different wing structures are made based on Taguchi’s L18 factorial design of experiment. Then grey relational analysis is used to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation due to the bird strike. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied and it is concluded that the most significant parameter for the performance of wing structure against impact is the skin thickness. Finally, a validation simu-lation is conducted under the optimal condition to show the improvement of performance of the wing structure.     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其口盖的研制

采用一种新型的复合材料替代传统的材料应用于航天产品推进舱上的口盖。经过复合材料制备、预镦粗变形、热轧和冷轧、热处理、表面阳极氧化等工艺过程，成功地制备了ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ１０复合材料口盖。探讨了制备过程中的工艺选择和工艺参数，并对复合材料板材的性能进行了测试。     

固体填充剂对推进剂力学性能的影响

借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及微型动态拉伸装置测试手段，对含固体颗粒填充剂的丁羟复合固体推进剂（HTPB）和硝酸酯增塑的聚醚高能推进剂（NEPE）中的微相结构进行了断口微观形貌观察和推进剂拉伸试件在拉应力作用下的断裂过程分析。结果表明，固体颗粒的形状，粒径尺寸，粒度分布和级配变化，以及固体填料／粘合剂的界面性质等因素对推进剂力学性能有着重要的影响。     

Infrared radiation from compact X-ray sources

Observations of the X-ray binaries 4U 0115+634 and A 0535+262 performed in 1981 – 1982 revealed significant IR variabilities of these sources. 4U 0115+634 was observed twice, in the state close to X-ray activity, and in the state of low activity, thus changing from K = 7^m.75 to K > 9^m. A 0535+262 shows the temporal variations ranged from tens minutes to some days. The regular variations of IR brightness are suspected with teh period close to 104 s that corresponds to the period of axial rotation of neutron star in A 0535+262. The results obtained present arguments in favour of hypothesis that IR radiation is generated near the accreting neutron star and is possibly of maser nature.     

旋转条件下固体火箭发动机三维内流场数值模拟

基于颗粒轨道模型,通过运动方程加入过载加速度的方式建立了旋转条件下固体火箭发动机内三维两相流的数值模型,并利用该模型研究了不同的旋转加速度对固体火箭发动机中粒子运动轨迹以及聚集浓度的影响。结果表明,随着发动机旋转速度的增大,粒子的聚集带逐渐向壁面附近扩散,在发动机的轴向附近形成一个无粒子区域,旋转速度越大,无粒子区域越大;当旋转速度增加到一定值,粒子的聚集带向外扩散至壁面上,在前封头附近的壁面上形成一条与发动机母线成一定夹角的高浓度聚集带。     

脉冲微孔喷射技术及其在增材制造方面的应用

介绍了用于制造单分散球形微米级粒子的脉冲微孔喷射技术.根据微滴制备原理,可将其分为适用于低熔点材料的压片式喷射装置及适用于高熔点材料的传动杆式喷射装置,分别阐述了两种方式的脉冲微孔喷射技术的喷射原理、相关特点以及该技术的发展和研究现状.目前,采用脉冲微孔喷射技术已成功制备出金属、半导体及生体材料单分散微粒子,具有粒径均一、圆球度高等优势.通过与其他微米级粒子制备技术,如均匀液滴喷射法、气动式按需喷射法及雾化法相比较,在诸多方面显示出脉冲微孔喷射法的独特优点.与此同时,分别讨论了脉冲微孔喷射技术在增材制造方面的潜在应用,可直接使用微米级粒子作为增材制造用粉体以及液滴沉积成型.鉴于脉冲微孔喷射技术的独特性,可以预见随着研究的不断深入,脉冲微孔喷射技术将在增材制造方面具有更加广阔的发展空间和应用前景.     

The SEVAN Worldwide network of particle detectors: 10 years of operation

The Space Environment Viewing and Analysis Network (SEVAN) aims to improve the fundamental research on particle acceleration in the vicinity of the sun, on space weather effects and on high-energy physics in the atmosphere and lightning initiation. This new type of a particle detector setup simultaneously measures fluxes of most species of secondary cosmic rays, thus being a powerful integrated device for exploration of solar modulation effects and electron acceleration in the thunderstorm atmosphere. The SEVAN modules are operating at the Aragats Space Environmental Center (ASEC) in Armenia, in Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic (from 2017) and in India. In this paper, we present the most interesting results of the SEVAN network operation during the last decade. We present this review on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the International Heliophysical Year in 2007.