可控翼伞单电机伺服机构微机控制

可控翼伞后缘有二组操纵绳,控制它可以改变翼伞飞行方向,实现回收体在预定点(区域)着陆和回收。通常使用二个电机分别进行操纵控制。为了提高系统的性能,减少部件,探讨了单电机进行双边操纵控制的新方案。文中主要介绍微机操纵控制系统的硬件、软件设计。     

Characterizing parameters of Jatropha curcas cell cultures for microgravity studies

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a tropical perennial species identified as a potential biofuel crop. The oil is of excellent quality and it has been successfully tested as biodiesel and in jet fuel mixes. However, studies on breeding and genetic improvement of jatropha are limited. Space offers a unique environment for experiments aiming at the assessment of mutations and differential gene expression of crops and in vitro cultures of plants are convenient for studies of genetic variation as affected by microgravity. However, before microgravity studies can be successfully performed, pre-flight experiments are necessary to characterize plant material and validate flight hardware environmental conditions. Such preliminary studies set the ground for subsequent spaceflight experiments. The objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro growth of cultures from three explant sources (cotyledon, leaf, and stem sections) of three jatropha accessions (Brazil, India, and Tanzania) outside and inside the petriGAP, a modified group activation pack (GAP) flight hardware to fit petri dishes. In vitro jatropha cell cultures were established in petri dishes containing a modified MS medium and maintained in a plant growth chamber at 25 ± 2 °C in the dark. Parameters evaluated were surface area of the explant tissue (A), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) for a period of 12 weeks. Growth was observed for cultures from all accessions at week 12, including subsequent plantlet regeneration. For all accessions differences in A, FW and DW were observed for inside vs. outside the PetriGAPs. Growth parameters were affected by accession (genotype), explant type, and environment. The type of explant influenced the type of cell growth and subsequent plantlet regeneration capacity. However, overall cell growth showed no abnormalities. The present study demonstrated that jatropha in vitro cell cultures are suitable for growth inside PetriGAPs for a period of 12 weeks. The parameters evaluated in this study provide the basic ground work and pre-flight assessment needed to justify a model for microgravity studies with jatropha in vitro cell cultures. Future studies should focus on results of experiments performed with jatropha in vitro cultures in microgravity.     

直升机空中回收和投放货物技术发展综述

针对直升机空中回收和投放货物技术的发展进行了探讨.首先按照直升机空中回收系统发展的三个阶段,简要介绍了三代系统的特点、工作过程及典型应用实例；其次对无人直升机投放技术进行研究综述,介绍了美国K - Max直升机实现无人货运投放的技术及其应用.     

基于FTA的飞机空调组件关断的故障分析

为迅速准确地确定飞机空调系统故障源,提高航线排故效率,针对B737飞机空调组件关断的故障,介绍了故障树建立的依据和方法,引入最小割集概念定性分析主要的故障模式;在综合考虑空调系统历史故障数据、零部件的可靠性、维修实践经验和部件更换方便性等信息的基础上,列出了排故顺序和排故措施,最后根据各类事件发生的概率,利用结构函数定量分析了顶事件发生的概率;所建立的空调系统故障树可迅速准确地确定故障源,在实际的航线排故过程中已得到了初步验证。该故障树对于排除空调系统各个子系统的故障也具有一定的参考价值。     

某型无人机伞降回收过程分析及回收策略研究

在分析某型无人机回收系统组成和工作程序的基础上,研究了某型无人机伞降回收过程的的运动特点,建立了某型无人机回收各个阶段的动力模型,通过数值仿真方法得到了回收各个阶段的运动特征,分析了回收过程的运动轨迹和落点误差的影响因素,在此基础上建立了合理的回收策略。     

舷外有源诱饵降落伞载荷运动仿真

对火箭发射降落伞悬降方式的舷外有源诱饵的载荷运动进行了分析。在此分析的基础上,通过在2个正交铅垂平面上的分解,建立了载荷运动的数学模型,描述了在2个正交铅垂平面上降落伞—载荷连线相对于铅垂线的角运动。利用Simulink进行了单个铅垂平面上的角运动的仿真和2个正交铅垂平面上的角运动的综合仿真。     

带有SiC涂层的C/C复合材料的氧化行为

采用包埋法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC高温防氧化涂层。利用SEM和XRD等方法对涂层的微观形貌和晶相组成进行了观察与分析,并对带涂层试样在室温~1 500℃范围内的氧化行为进行了研究。结果表明,涂层主要由β-SiC和少量的游离Si组成,涂层表面有裂纹存在,涂层与C/C复合材料基体结合良好,呈现犬牙状结合。在室温~1 500℃之间,带SiC涂层C/C复合材料的氧化行为可分为4个阶段,涂层在高温区具有较好的防氧化性能。     

大型伞绳帆和抽打现象连续模型及验证

文章主要推导了可用于描述大型降落伞绳帆和抽打现象的一般绳索三维动力学连续模型,及弦坐标系下可用于求解绳帆现象的两点边值问题(BVP)模型,并采用某型号大型降落伞的空投录像和杆件算例对模型进行验证对比,说明了模型的正确性,采用这一连续模型能够更直观地对大型伞的绳帆和抽打现象进行定性和定量分析。     

半球形伞流固耦合工程算法

降落伞流固耦合模拟非常难以实现,而一些工程设计任务要求迅速高效地完成.为了适应该要求,针对稳定下降阶段的半球形伞,提出了一种流固耦合工程算法.以轴对称伞形为伞衣初始形状,通过流场模拟得到结构模拟所需的伞衣压力系数分布,通过结构模拟得到新的伞衣外形,如此循环,直到伞衣中幅线和伞绳外形趋于稳定为止.结果表明,伞衣外形能迅速收敛,该方法能满足工程设计要求.     

基于冲量定理的高速空投假人最大动载计算模型研究

假人高速空投试验旨在评估开伞过程中人体所受最大动载,由于该试验重复性差、成本高,有必要建 立计算模型为系统设计提供理论依据。基于冲量定理建立最大动载计算模型,计算特定空投条件下假人最大 动载;选取某典型假人高速空投系统作为算例,开展基于多体动力学的系统仿真,并根据仿真结果确定计算模 型的关键参数,给出最大动载计算模型的数学表达式。结果表明:本文模型可以快速有效确定假人最大动载, 评估救生伞系统安全性,具有较高的工程应用价值。