飞行员跳伞模拟训练系统人伞惯性参数研究

针对飞行员跳伞模拟训练系统研发需要,对人伞惯性参数进行了研究.首先,建立了人伞系统体固定坐标系,并在此基础上给出了伞衣、伞绳的惯性参数计算方法;其次,基于Hanavan人体模型,给出了人体模型各环节的重量分配、质心计算、惯性参数的计算方法;再次,基于转动惯量平行轴定理,给出了人伞系统体固定坐标系下惯性参数的计算方法;最...     

耐高温复合材料在火星探测器着陆器减速伞筒盖结构上的应用

针对火星探测器着陆巡视器减速伞筒盖结构在轨运行耐温度交变、辐照等空间环境和再入过程耐温度冲击性能需求,重点开展了筒盖复合材料耐温匹配性、力学性能、耐空间环境性能以及制件成型工艺研究。结果表明,选用J-168-1胶黏剂、J-245胶黏剂及T300/QY8911复合材料制备的试件通过各项性能试验考核,均能满足筒盖结构的设计指标要求。筒盖产品力学性能稳定,成型工艺可行性良好,最高瞬时使用温度可达200℃,经历空间环境模拟后力学性能保持率均在80%以上,耐高温、耐空间环境性良好。产品已成功装星发射,并在着陆巡视器落火阶段成功弹出分离,圆满完成使命。     

机翼油箱口盖的抗冲击性能研究进展

机翼油箱口盖与其周围的机翼外板共同构成飞机气动外形的一部分，飞机在服役过程中，油箱口盖无法避免地会遭受外物的撞击，确保油箱口盖的抗冲击性能对保证飞机安全性具有重要的意义。本文从适航法规要求、常用材料和结构形式、考核方法与评价3 个方面系统地介绍了机翼油箱口盖抗冲击性能的研究进展，总结了目前的研究结论，并对未来机翼油箱口盖的发展进行了展望，可为后续新型口盖的设计和制造提供一定的理论和技术参考。     

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.