空间辐射环境工程的现状及发展趋势

空间辐射环境是航天器在轨运行所面临的重要环境要素之一,因其诱发的单粒子效应、总剂量效应、位移损伤效应、表面充放电效应、内带电效应等既可引起航天器材料、器件、结构等在轨损伤、性能退化甚至失效,然而又可以利用其开展空间育种等活动。文章从空间辐射环境与模型、空间辐射效应及机理、空间辐射环境与效应试验的评价标准、空间辐射环境效应试验方法、空间辐射环境与效应地面模拟试验设备、空间辐射环境与效应数值模拟、空间辐射环境与效应飞行试验及抗辐射加固技术等角度对空间辐射环境工程的现状进行了评述,进而提出了空间辐射环境工程各个领域的发展趋势。     

Study of mid-latitude ionospheric convection during quiet and disturbed periods using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar

Westward ionospheric convective flows around midnight are frequently observed at mid-latitudes. They can be generated by so-called disturbance dynamo mechanisms working mainly in the mid-latitudes. To understand the influence of disturbance dynamo effects in the mid-latitudes, we studied the latitudinal distribution of westward flows in association with several kinds of geomagnetic disturbances using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar. This radar creates high temporal resolution (1 s to 2 min), two-dimensional observations measuring the line-of-sight velocities of ionospheric plasma irregularities, which can be regarded as line-of-sight velocities of ionospheric convection in the mid-latitude region from 40° to 50°. This region could not be monitored using preexisting SuperDARN radars. In this study, we used ionospheric echo data obtained by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar over 5 years (December 2006 to November 2011). We identified westward flows around midnight at about 40° to 55° geomagnetic latitude. Additionally, the data showed that the westward flow around midnight intensified under high geomagnetic activity (high Kp). This suggests that the disturbance dynamo could affect the mid-latitude ionospheric convection. We performed Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) to study the influences from the geomagnetic disturbances on mid-latitude ionospheric convection. We found no obvious influence during major storms (minimum Dst below −60 nT). SEA was also used to study the temporal and latitudinal dependence on the influences from substorms. From analysis of 36 events of AL-defined substorms, we saw that the influence of substorms lasted from 5 to 20 h after the onset between 44° and 53° geomagnetic latitude. The westward flow at mid-latitude grew to a maximum at 12 h after the geomagnetic substorm onset. This is consistent with the results of past numerical simulation studies of the disturbance dynamo effects.     

一种面向卫星应用的新型存储器和FPGA设计与实现

可靠性对在轨卫星的安全意义重大。由于空间环境辐射和单粒子效应,卫星系统多次发生在轨异常,对在轨卫星系统工作的连续性、稳定性和安全性造成了严重影响。文章针对卫星在轨空间环境和单粒子问题,提出一种基于铁电材料的高可靠、抗辐射的CPU和FPGA解决方案。一方面,设计了和通用接口兼容的新型铁电存储器,其抗辐射总剂量大于10000Krads（Si）,对单粒子效应几乎具有完全的免疫能力;另一方面,设计了基于铁电编程单元的新型FPGA,该FPGA不需要外部PROM,具有很好的经济性和应用前景。     

Modeling on mechanical behavior and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under thermal effects

This paper reports the modeling method and outcomes of mechanical performance and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under extreme temperatures. The anisotropic continuum damage model involving thermal effects is established on continuum damage mechanics which integrates the shear nonlinearity constitutive relations characterized by Romberg-Osgood equation. The temperature-induced modification of thermal strains and material properties is incorporated in stress-strain analysis, extended 3D failure criteria and exponential damage evolution rules. The proposed model is calibrated and employed to simulate behavior of composite joints in interference fitting, bolt preloading, thermal and bearing loading processes, during which the influence of interference-fit sizes, preload levels, laminate layups and service temperatures is thoroughly investigated. The predicated interfacial behavior, bearing response and failure modes are in good agreement with experimental tests. The numerical model is even capable of reflecting some non-intuitive experimental findings such as residual stress relaxation and matrix softening at elevated temperatures.     

Godunov方法在复杂流场数值模拟中的应用

本文根据Ｖａｎ Ｌｅｅｒ提出的方法给出了求解三维非定常Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程和三维定常Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程的二阶Ｇｏｄｕｎｏｖ方法。方法要点为：在各体积离散单元中,用流动变量的分段线性分布代替一阶方法中的分段常量分布,在确定线性分布的斜率中引入单调性限制条件;在离散单元界面构造Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ问题,由Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ间断解确定单元侧面的通量;用预测－修正两步法对离散方程推进求解,用上述方法结合单区网格或多区重迭网格     

弹载SAR大斜视改进CS成像算法

针对弹载SAR在成像过程中复杂的运动状态,以及大斜视所造成的频谱混叠问题,建立了大斜视加速运动模型.引入新的CS因子,有效解决了距离频谱混叠问题并补偿了导弹在三方向速度和加速度的影响;引入方位deramp处理方法,有效解决了方位多普勒频谱混叠问题.仿真结果表明该方法优于现有算法.     

高速大重合度直齿圆柱齿轮的齿廓最佳修形研究

在对高速大重合度圆柱齿轮传动的动力性能进行计算机模拟的基础上,研究了齿廓修形对啮合轮齿间动载荷的影响,提出了确定齿廓最佳修形量的方法     

电子式差定温探测器的研究

阐述了电子式差定温火灾探测器的工作原理,并对该探测器进行了深入的理论研究,提出了按探测器的不同灵敏度要求进行探测器设计的方法。使用所提出的设计方法,进行了原理样机的设计、实现和调试。原理洋机的研制成功,证明了用该设计方法进行电子式差定温探测器设计与调试的简便性、实用性和可靠性。     

航空电子产品装配中PFMEA方法的应用和改进

航空电子产品装配的特点是所需物料较多、装配工艺复杂、装配精度要求较高等,为保证产品的质量和可靠性,需要采取科学的方法研究装配过程,并对过程中的失效模式风险进行分析。本文以某型航空电子产品装配过程中的零件装配、绝缘垫粘贴及零件冲压为例详细说明 PFMEA 方法在装配过程中的应用,找出装配过程中风险较高的项目,通过工装辅助来降低风险,提高产品质量。本文将 PFMEA 这一可靠性研究工具引入航空电子产品装配过程,为航空电子产品装配提供了一种较为科学、有效的风险预防手段。     

CFD/CSD方法分析动力效应对民机气动特性影响

基于Reynolds average Navier-Stockes(RANS)的三维Navier-Stokes流场控制方程耦合结构静力学方程时域分析方法,研究了带有发动机的民用飞机其动力效应对全机气动性能的影响。首先采用数值方法对发动机进排气边界条件进行了模拟,分析了带动力的涡扇发动机模型的流场,并将计算结果与实验进行比较,验证边界条件处理的准确性;以此为基础,考虑结构弹性变形,采用计算流体动力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)耦合的方法,分别对通气和带动力的翼吊发动机全机的气动性能进行了研究。结果表明:基于通气构型预测的升阻力系数,气动载荷和压心位置与考虑动力效应后的计算结果存在明显不同。弹性变形又会加剧这一差异,使得全机的升阻比下降约12.6%,升力系数下降约8.9%,压心位置后移。数值算例显示,在靠近发动机区域气动载荷受动力效应影响显著,远离该区域,弹性变形效应占主要影响因素,因此在进行带动力效应的民机气动性能分析时,考虑弹性变形的影响是十分必要的。