姿/ 轨控液体火箭发动机推力室高温抗氧化涂层

概述了国内外姿/轨控液体火箭发动机高温抗氧化涂层的研究和应用进展,研制过程涉及多种材料体系,但仅有几类广泛应用于型号,包括Nb基材表面硅化物材料体系、Pt-Rh合金、Re基材表面Ir涂层。随着对发动机性能要求的提高,Re/Ir材料体系成为目前主要的研究方向。     

溶胶-凝胶法提高树脂抗原子氧性能的试验

为提高航天器用树脂基材料的抗原子氧剥蚀性能,将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS,Tetraethyl Orthosilicate)加入环氧树脂溶液中,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备出SiO₂／环氧杂化材料.在空间环境原子氧效应地面模拟设备中,对材料试样开展了抗原子氧剥蚀性能评估试验,总结了试验前后试样的质量、表面形貌和表面成分的变化特点,并分析了溶胶-凝胶所得杂化材料抗剥蚀性能提高的机理.分析认为:溶胶-凝胶反应过程中在树脂基体内生成的聚硅氧烷和SiO₂,以及原子氧作用下杂化材料表面生成的SiO₂保护层,是杂化材料抗剥蚀性能得以提高的主要原因.     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

非等直径柱肋阵列的冷却特性

为优化柱肋阵列冷却效果,通过缩小柱肋阵列中局部柱肋直径得到3种非等直径柱肋阵列通道。采用瞬态液晶测试技术和数值模拟方法研究了其传热和流阻特性。结果表明:保持奇数排柱肋直径的大小,仅减小偶数排的直径,能在传热减弱不多的情况下,使通道的流动阻力大幅降低。适当调整奇/偶数排柱肋的直径,雷诺数为10 000~50 000,奇偶数排柱肋直径比为1.4的非等直径柱肋阵列通道,其平均传热系数仅减小了约6%,而阻力系数则减小了约21%。      

Flow characteristics in a rotor-stator cavity with cooling air inlet at low radius

Experiments were conducted on a typical rotor-stator system where air entered through an annular slot at low radius and flowed out of the cavity axially through a rim seal between the rotor and the stator. For the seal in this rotor-stator system, the stationary shroud overlapped the rotating one. Pressure distributions at the stator surface and flow resistance coefficients of the rotor-stator cavity with a maximum gap of 67mm were measured under different dimensionless mass flow rates from 1.32×104 to 4.87×104 with a large range of rotational Reynolds numbers from 0.418×106 to 2.484×106. The results show that pressure on the stator surface decreases with the increase of rotational Reynolds number when the dimensionless mass flow rate is below 1.3×104; when the dimensionless mass flow rate is above 3.034×104, the trend reverses. This is the so-called "pressure inversion effect". However, dimensionless pressure does not show the same changes when rotational dynamic pressure is chosen as the denominator. The resistance coefficient of the rotor-stator cavity is determined by the dimensionless mass flow rate and rotational Reynolds number; for practical application, the resistance coefficient can also be estimated by the turbulent flow parameter in the range of turbulent parameter from 0.1 to 1.6.      

青枯病抗性不同的番茄土壤细菌生理群的数量变化

对青枯病抗性不同的番茄品种根际细菌生理群数量变化进行了研究.结果表明,番茄根际细菌种群和数量的变化随品种抗性、生育期不同和季节的变化而变化,其中氨化细菌的数量与番茄青枯病抗性呈正相关;根际细菌中氨化细菌、硝化细菌、好气纤维素分解细菌、固氮细菌和反硫化细菌等数量均表现为夏季高于冬季,而厌气纤维素分解细菌和硫化细菌的数量则表现为冬季高于夏季.     

卫星导电铜箔接地性能退化机理研究

接地网的接地性能关系整星电磁兼容性的优劣。文章从接地网导电铜箔的搭接现状入手,分析铜箔本身和导电胶的电阻以及铜箔接地电阻退化的机理;通过温湿度加速试验验证指出,在导电铜箔接地性能退化中导电胶的性能退化起主导作用;通过工艺试验得出电焊可以显著改善铜箔接地性能,以满足型号任务需求。     

圆柱体绕横轴气动力和气动热的试验研究

对圆柱体绕垂直中心轴线的横轴旋转时的气动阻力矩和气动热做了试验研究，描述了能将阻力降低８０％左右的加罩法。     

基于最优控制/自抗扰控制的直/气复合控制系统设计研究

为提升控制系统的性能,对直/气复合控制导弹的控制系统设计进行了研究。以俯仰通道为例,用最优控制理论设计了基于状态反馈的导弹俯仰通道控制回路,用线性二次型调节器(LQR)获得控制律。给出了加权矩阵的选取方法:依次调整表征过载偏差、角加速度和角速度的权重,使求出的反馈增益系数满足要求。针对状态反馈控制律无法快速抑制直接力开启带来的干扰问题,用自抗扰控制(ADRC)理论改进了控制器,通过构建状态观测器在线实时估计外界干扰并予以补偿,快速抑制扰动。仿真结果表明:用最优控制/自抗扰控制设计的控制器跟踪速度快,动态过程平稳并具有较强的干扰抑制能力,提高了系统的鲁棒性。     

局部多孔壁－内腔结构的气动加热瞬态特性

根据超声速飞行器外表面连接结构处密封结构几何特征,以局部多孔壁和内腔结构为研究对象,建立流/固/多孔区域流动和传热过程耦合计算模型,其中多孔区域中运用分布阻力法,流、固区域间换热过程采用准稳态耦合计算方法。经过与相关实验数据进行对比,验证了程序可靠性,并进一步分析在整个长时间瞬态过程中,该密封结构的流动和传热特征,阐明了在瞬态过程中多孔材料等效热流对缝隙壁面的加热作用。研究了有、无多孔材料填充两种情况下缝隙壁面热流分布形态的差异,探讨了缝隙中填充多孔材料对高速流场边界层热气流侵入内腔过程的影响。