抑制UKF发散的改进算法在卫星轨道确定中的应用

为避免实际应用中一般无迹Kalman滤波（UKF）算法的不稳定性,基于对传统线性Kalman框架的UKF算法造成滤波发散现象的阐述,讨论了无迹转换（uT）的基本原理开口UKF算法,并给出了造成滤波发散的原因,提出了两种抑制滤波发散的改进UKF算法。仿真分析了某星载GPS低轨卫星轨道发散的主因,结果表明改进算法有效。     

空间快速响应航天器轨道/弹道一体化规划

以空间应急响应任务为背景,采用轨道/弹道一体化规划设计方法,实现空间快速响应航天器全程飞行轨迹规划。在分析弹道设计参数对轨道参数影响性的基础上,将弹道规划分为程序角参数设计和发射诸元参数设计,采用改进的粒子群算法和牛顿迭代法进行混合优化求解。算例表明,使用混合优化求解方法收敛速度快,迭代次数少,易于工程实现,能满足一体化任务规划的快速性要求,可为空间快速响应航天器设计提供理论参考。     

航天器椭圆轨道自主交会的鲁棒滑模控制

提出了一种在缺少绝对轨道信息时的航天器椭圆轨道自主交会方法。用Lawden方程描述椭圆轨道的两星相对运动关系,将方程中的时变参数单独归类。在时变参数无法获知时,视其为不确定量,构成不确定系统。用不确定系统的鲁棒滑模控制方法设计了椭圆轨道自主交会的控制律,并证明了不确定系统为渐进稳定。仿真结果表明:在仅有相对状态信息条件下,设计的控制律能实现椭圆轨道航天器的自主交会。     

国外深空探测器着陆缓冲系统的特点和应用

主要介绍国外月球和行星探测器的着陆缓冲系统的特点与应用。着陆缓冲系统的基本类型包括软着陆机构、气囊缓冲装置和空中悬吊机结构。其中：软着陆机构由着陆架（腿）、缓冲器和展开锁定机构组成,具有质量较大,结构较简单、可靠的特点,在美国“勘测者”、“阿波罗”、“梦神”和苏联月球号等着陆器中得到了应用;气囊缓冲装置由气体发生器、气囊组件,以及缩回与展开机构组成,具有质量小、包装容积小和着陆稳定性好的特点,在美国“火星探路者”、“火星探测巡视器”,苏联早期月球号着陆器,以及欧洲“贝皮一哥伦布”水星探测器中得到了应用;空中悬吊机结构由空中悬吊机及其推进系统等组成,具有着陆速度低、冲击小和安全可靠的特点,在美国“火星科学实验室”的好奇心号巡视器上得到了应用。     

基于射线模型的水声传播衰减特性

介绍了水声信号传播射线模型的理论基础,给出了水声传播衰减详细的理论推导和数学分析过程;在射线模型的基础上分析了水声信号传播的过程,并根据数学模型,实现了传播过程在matlab下的仿真。根据不同的仿真条件得到了相关的传播损失分布图,并对结果进行了分析。     

A simulation of Martian gravity field recovery by using a near equatorial orbiter

An improvement to the Martian gravity field may be achieved by means of future orbiting spacecraft with small eccentricity and low altitude exemplified through a newly proposed mission design that may be tested in upcoming reconnaissance of Mars. Here, the near equatorial orbital character (with an inclination approximating 10°, eccentricity as 0.01 and semi-major axis as 4000 km) is considered, and its contribution to Martian gravity field solution is analyzed by comparing it with a hypothetical polar circular orbiter. The solution models are evaluated in terms of the following viewpoints: power spectra of gravity field coefficients, correlations of low degree zonal coefficients, precise orbit determination, and error distribution of both Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid. At the same time, the contributions of the near equatorial orbiters in low degree zonal coefficients time variations are also considered. The present results show that the near equatorial orbiter allows us to improve the accuracy of the Martian gravity field solution, decrease correlation of low degree zonal coefficients, retrieve much better time variable information of low degree zonal coefficients, improve precise orbit determination, and provide more accurate Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid around the equatorial region.     

姿/ 轨控液体火箭发动机推力室高温抗氧化涂层

概述了国内外姿/轨控液体火箭发动机高温抗氧化涂层的研究和应用进展,研制过程涉及多种材料体系,但仅有几类广泛应用于型号,包括Nb基材表面硅化物材料体系、Pt-Rh合金、Re基材表面Ir涂层。随着对发动机性能要求的提高,Re/Ir材料体系成为目前主要的研究方向。     

Study on pressure wave propagation in two-phase flow in liquid oxygen feed pipe between pumps

A study on the character of pressure wave propagation was proposed for the gas liquid oxygen two-phase flow in the pipe between pumps.According to the practical working conditions,the homogenous model based on the compressibility theory regarding a single bubble in an infinite liquid,and Redlich-Kwong gas equation was derived a model for the low temperature and high pressure case,especially considering the change of the ratio of density of gas to one of liquid.The numerical tests were conducted.The results not only show the agreement between numerical simulation for this model and experiment at the normal temperature and pressure is good,but also show that the modifications of the model for the low temperature and high pressure condition are necessary.The study is of reference to further study of oscillation restrain and relative pipe tests.      

Performance of GPS-based accelerometry: A simulation experiment

Recent studies have shown that with the availability of high-quality CHAMP and GRACE gravity field models, it is feasible to determine accurate non-gravitational accelerations for low Earth orbiting satellites indirectly from precise GPS satellite-to-satellite observations. Possible applications of this so-called GPS-based accelerometry approach consist of accelerometer calibration and atmospheric density and wind computations. With the growing number of high-quality space-borne GPS receivers, this method could be applied to a large range of satellites. In this paper an extensive simulation study has been carried out, based on real accelerometer data from the GRACE mission, in order to determine the optimal processing strategy and the resulting accuracy of the estimated non-gravitational accelerations. It is shown that the optimal processing strategy consists of a piecewise linear parameterization of the estimated empirical accelerations, together with short 6-h orbit arcs. The GPS-based accelerometry approach makes use of triple-differenced GPS observations and the impact of considering the correlated observation noise was found to be marginal in the presence of other error sources such as GPS ephemeris errors. Using a priori non-gravitational force models improves the recovery of low temporal resolution accelerations, except during huge geomagnetic storms. With this strategy, non-gravitational accelerations can be recovered during high solar activity with an accuracy of better than 10% of the total signal in along-track direction and around 25–40% in cross-track direction, at time resolutions of around 8–20 min. During solar minimum conditions, the relative recovery error will increase to approximately 50% in along-track direction and around 60–70% in cross-track direction, due to the reduced atmospheric drag signal. Unfortunately, GPS-based accelerometry is hardly sensitive in the radial direction.     

Towards development of a consistent orbit series for TOPEX,Jason-1, and Jason-2

The TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 set of altimeter data now provide a time series of synoptic observations of the ocean that span nearly 17 years from the launch of TOPEX in 1992. The analysis of the altimeter data including the use of altimetry to monitor the global change in mean sea level requires a stable, accurate, and consistent orbit reference over the entire time span. In this paper, we describe the recomputation of a time series of orbits that rely on a consistent set of reference frames and geophysical models. The recomputed orbits adhere to the IERS 2003 standards for ocean and earth tides, use updates to the ITRF2005 reference frame for both the SLR and DORIS stations, apply GRACE-derived models for modeling of the static and time-variable gravity, implement the University College London (UCL) radiation pressure model for Jason-1, use improved troposphere modeling for the DORIS data, and apply the GOT4.7 ocean tide model for both dynamical ocean tide modeling and for ocean loading. The new TOPEX orbits have a mean SLR fit of 1.79 cm compared to 2.21 cm for the MGDR-B orbits. These new TOPEX orbits agree radially with independent SLR/crossover orbits at 0.70 cm RMS, and the orbit accuracy is estimated at 1.5–2.0 cm RMS over the entire TOPEX time series. The recomputed Jason-1 orbits agree radially with the Jason-1 GDR-C orbits at 1.08 cm RMS. The GSFC SLR/DORIS dynamic and reduced-dynamic orbits for Jason-2 agree radially with independent orbits from the CNES and JPL at 0.70–1.06 cm RMS. Applying these new orbits, and using the latest altimeter corrections for TOPEX, Jason-1, and Jason-2 from September 1992 to May 2009, we find a global rate in mean sea level of 3.0 ± 0.4 mm/yr.