推扫CCD相机对地观测卫星的轨道设计

针对推扫电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机成像特点,根据太阳同步回归轨道卫星轨道设计方法,给出了CCD光学对地观测卫星的轨道高度设计方案,并分析了所设计轨道的地面光照条件。结果表明设计方案合理可行。     

空间近程高速相对运动方程的状态转移矩阵

分析了空间近程高速相对运动的特点,建立了描述近程高速相对运动的线性微分方程组,并给出了状态转移矩阵与解析解。仿真结果表明:对于HEO-GEO近程高速相对运动,所建方程的相对距离计算误差仅为16 cm,不足Hill方程计算误差的15%。所给出的状态转移矩阵对于实现空间目标拦截等任务的实时高精度相对导航和制导算法具有一定的应用价值。     

GRAS radio occultation on-board of Metop

The GRAS radio occultation instrument is flying on Metop-A and belongs to the EPS (EUMETSAT Polar System). GRAS observes GPS satellites in occultation. Within this work, validation of GRAS closed-loop bending angle data against co-located ECMWF profiles extracted from model fields and occultations from the COSMIC constellation of radio occultation instruments is shown. Results confirm the high data quality and robustness, where GRAS shows lower bending angle noise against ECMWF than COSMIC and in terms of occultations per day, one GRAS ≈ two COSMIC satellites. This is partly due to the operational setup of EPS. For the investigation we focus on two observation periods where updates in the ECMWF (March 2009) and COSMIC processing (October 2009) have improved the statistics further. Bending angles biases agree to within 0.5% against ECMWF and to within 0.1% against COSMIC after the updates for altitudes between 8 and 40 km. In addition, we also analyze the impact of the Metop orbit processing on the derived GRAS bending angle data, where different GPS and Metop orbit solutions are analyzed. Results show that a batch based orbit processing would improve in particular the bending angle bias behavior at higher altitudes. Requirements for the operational processing of GRAS data are briefly outlined, options to ease the use of other positioning system satellites in the near future are discussed. A simplified analysis on the observation of several of these systems, e.g. GPS and Galileo, from one platform shows that about 16% of occultations are found within 300 km, ±3 h, thus providing similar information. A constellation of 2 GRAS like instruments would have only about 10% close-by.     

富燃料推进剂燃烧产物粒度参数的激光衰减法测量

介绍了激光衰减法测量粒子参数的基本原理.搭建了激光衰减法测量高铝含量富燃料推进剂实验系统,解决了燃烧环境下粒度测试的光学介入问题,对高铝含量富燃料推进剂中粒子参数进行测量,对所得的凝相燃烧产物进行电镜分析,并对电镜照片进行分析处理,计算出燃烧后凝相产物平均粒径,验证了激光衰减法测量粒子参数的可行性和合理性.     

美国载人航天商业运输的发展

研究了美国载人航天商业运输的发展现状和趋势。美国在取消星座计划之后,实施商业乘员和货物项目,将依靠商业运输器实现＂国际空间站＂的乘员和货物运输,以缩短＂后航天飞机＂时代（航天飞机退役后）运输的断档期。美国商业乘员和货物项目包括商业轨道运输服务（COTS）计划、商业再补给服务（CRS）计划和商业乘员开发（CCDev）计划...     

嫦娥五号月面上升和下降段实时轨道确定

针对月球探测中月面上升和下降段的实时轨道确定问题,提出基于三向测量的实时自适应当前统计方法。首先,通过自适应当前统计模型描述探测器月面上升下降过程,其次,综合利用三向数据进行测量更新,最后,通过UKF滤波算法完成实时轨道确定。由于自适应当前统计模型具有良好的适应性,该方法能对探测器月面上升和下降段进行有效定位,通过嫦娥五号探测器实际上升和下降过程数据进行测试,结果表明,文章提出的基于三向测量的实时自适应当前统计方法比传统的几何定位方法具有更好的抗差性,对深空目标探测具有一定的工程应用价值。     

月球探测技术--发展历程和特点

介绍了人类发射月球探测器进行的主要探月活动以及月球探测技术的发展和演变。分析了月球探测轨道设计与地球卫星的区别 ,给出了一些最基本的设计原则。最后 ,对探测器总体系统设计中的构型技术和各分系统的特点及其设计要求作了描述     

运载火箭推力故障下基于智能决策的在线轨迹重规划方法

为了提高运载火箭上升段飞行中推力故障下轨迹重规划的计算效率,提出了一种基于智能决策的在线轨迹重规划方法,将原问题转化为最优救援轨道的在线智能决策和成熟的燃料最优轨迹规划问题进行求解。通过离线求解不同故障状态对应的轨迹重规划问题,建立"故障状态-救援轨道"样本集,基于径向基神经网络建立最优救援轨道的决策模型,并将决策模型装订箭上。在实际飞行中以当前故障状态作为输入,利用决策模型可在线快速决策出最优救援轨道根数,进而求解以救援轨道为目标轨道的燃料最优轨迹规划问题,从而完成推力故障下的在线轨迹重规划。数值仿真表明,与直接求解轨迹重规划问题相比,该方法的计算效率提高了两个数量级以上,同时给出一致的最优救援轨迹。     

A new landing impact attenuation seat in manned spacecraft biologically-inspired by felids

When manned spacecraft comes back to the earth, it relies on the impact attenuation seat to protect astronauts from injuries during landing phase. Hence, the seat needs to transfer impact load, as small as possible, to the crew. However, there is little room left for traditional seat to improve further. Herein, a new seat system biologically-inspired by felids’ landing is proposed.Firstly, a series of experiments was carried out on cats and tigers, in which they were trained to jump down voluntarily from different heights. Based on the ground reaction forces combined with kinematics, the experiment indicated that felids’ landing after self-initial jump was a multi-step impact attenuation process and the new seat was inspired by this. Then the construction and work process of new seat were redesigned to realize the multi-step impact attenuation. The dynamic response of traditional and new seat is analyzed under the identical conditions and the results show that the new concept seat can significantly weaken the occupant overload in two directions compared with that of traditional seat. As a consequence, the risk of injury evaluated for spinal and head is also lowered, meaning a higher level of protection which is especially beneficial to the debilitated astronaut.     

完备度量空间上的不动点定理

1922年,Banach证明了压缩映射的不动点的存在性。不动点理论对于解决一些实际问题诸如代数方程、微分方程、积分方程中都有应用。B ranc iari[1]提出了完备度量空间上的边值压缩,并证明了边值压缩映射的不动点定理。本文给出了完备度量空间上的三个不动点定理,推广了B ranc iari[1]中的结果,并且举例说明本文的结果是对Banach压缩定理的推广。