氢氧全流量补燃循环发动机主要参数优化分析

根据给定的运载任务,建立了氢氧全流量补燃循环发动机的能量特性模型、运载器质量模型和轨道模型,以运载器有效载荷为目标函数,利用枚举法进行了发动机性能参数的优化研究.通过计算,验证了质量模型的准确性,得到了实现单级入轨发动机的最优性能参数,给出了在当前所能达到的燃烧室压强情况下的优化结果,为新一代氢氧全流量补燃循环发动机的研制提供指导.     

对卫星目标的仅测角天基单站无源定位可观测性分析

可观测性分析是无源定位与跟踪系统的前提和基础。由于卫星运动系统方程是状态变量的隐函数形式,以及观测方程的非线性,使得对卫星目标仅测角无源定位的可观测性研究难度较大。鉴于此,从伪线性化角度对非线性系统方程进行改造,推导了关于状态变量的显性系统状态方程,对仅测角条件下的单星对星无源定位系统进行了可观测性分析,为进一步研究仅测角单星对星的无源定轨跟踪提供了理论基础。最后给出了仿真实例,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

喷射液束电解-激光复合加工工艺试验研究

喷射液束电解 激光复合加工是一项新探索的加工技术,其特点是既发挥激光加工的高效率,又借助喷射电液束的冷却、冲刷、电解作用而实现在线去除再铸层。基于该加工原理的分析,在对激光电解液中衰减特性研究的基础上,研制了试验系统并对不锈钢片进行了打孔工艺试验。试验结果表明,应用液压1.5 MPa、浓度18%的NaNO₃电解液的喷射液束电解-激光复合加工可实现再铸层减少90%以上。通过对打孔形貌的对比以及加工工艺规律的初步分析,揭示了喷射液束电解-激光复合加工以激光加工为主,电解加工辅助去除再铸层的加工原理,证实了该复合加工工艺的可行性,可望在航空航天领域得到广泛工程应用。     

椭圆轨道编队的构形变化控制方法

推导了椭圆轨道编队的一些典型构形模态,指出椭圆轨道卫星编队的模态不同于圆轨道的构形模态,是极为丰富的。基于T-H方程的解析解,推导了副星在沿航向常值推力作用下的椭圆轨道编队的构形变化控制方法。推导的构形变化控制方法,通过合理的选择控制量的作用时刻,可达到大量节约燃料的目的。最后,给出仿真算例。     

卫星初始轨道确定方法研究

卫星精密轨道确定过程实际上是通过求解轨道动力学微分方程组而对初始轨道不断改进的过程,因此,轨道确定的精度与速度不但依赖于求解微分方程组的具体算法,同样依赖于初始轨道的精度与准确性。针对多站测距/距离和数据,建立了一种轨道初值计算的几何方法,该方法集折射误差修正方法于一体,在进行观测数据折射误差修正的基础上,可以得到卫星在任意时刻的轨道初值。     

Accurate orbit predictions for debris orbit manoeuvre using ground-based lasers

Orbit manoeuvre of low Earth orbiting (LEO) debris using ground-based lasers has been proposed as a cost-effective means to avoid debris collisions. This requires the orbit of the debris object to be determined and predicted accurately so that the laser beam can be locked on the debris without the loss of valuable laser operation time. This paper presents the method and results of a short-term accurate LEO (<900 km in altitude) debris orbit prediction study using sparse laser ranging data collected by the EOS Space Debris Tracking System (SDTS). A main development is the estimation of the ballistic coefficients of the LEO objects from their archived long-term two line elements (TLE). When an object is laser tracked for two passes over about 24 h, orbit prediction (OP) accuracy of 10–20 arc seconds for the next 24–48 h can be achieved – the accuracy required for laser debris manoeuvre. The improvements in debris OP accuracy are significant in other applications such as debris conjunction analyses and the realisation of daytime debris laser tracking.     

基于广义正则化最小二乘的天基测向初定轨

传统天基测向初定轨的不足,主要是由于观测数据存在系统误差和观测方程组的系数矩阵病态或不可逆。文章建立观测方程的半参数回归模型,提出基于补偿最小二乘估计和岭估计的广义正则化最小二乘估计,推导了估计公式,并证明了相关统计性质。引入选主列Givens-QR分解算法,提高观测方程求解效率和数值计算稳定性。仿真结果表明:该方法应用于天基测向初定轨可行,可以提高定轨精度和解算成功率。     

2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子增强事件分析

为研究2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强事件的原因, 选取了2004-2010年之间高速太阳风下7个类似事件进行对比分析. 探讨了多种可能导致此次异常事件的太阳风和地磁条件. 结果表明, 较弱的磁暴使得相对论电子高通量区域更接近同步轨道, 此外, 哨声波加速很可能在2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强事件中起到重要作用. 磁暴强度与种子电子的注入深度密切相关, 表现为Dst指数曲线的形态与能量为30～100keV的电子高通量区域的下边缘高度吻合. 能量为30～100keV电子的注入深度影响了能量大于300keV的电子出现的磁层区域. 此事件中, 由于磁暴相对较弱, 种子电子向内磁层注入的深度较浅, 更靠近同步轨道区域, 这使得相对论电子大量出现的区域也靠近同步轨道, 最终导致同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强. 另外, 2010年4月地球同步轨道相对论电子通量异常增强事件中, 高强度的亚暴提供了充足的种子电子并加强了波粒相互作用, 这也是相对论电子增强的必要条件.      

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

基于混合粒子滤波的载波估计算法

针对粒子滤波载波估计算法的高复杂度、粒子退化及贫化问题,提出了一种基于混合粒子滤波的载波估计方法.该方法引入多阶马尔科夫模型,采用多个非零均值高斯分布的加权和来近似重要性函数的最佳选择,并根据最大后验概率准则规范粒子的迭代计算.仿真结果表明,在非高斯噪声环境下,低轨卫星通信TDMA/DEQPSK(Time Division Multiple Address/Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)数据帧非合作接收载波估计时,与基于经典粒子滤波的载波估计算法相比,提高了粒子"效率",在误码性能相当的情况下,有效降低了计算复杂度.