高精度星相机光学系统像质评价及实现

摘要： 高精度星相机光学系统是实现高性能星相机的关键技术.从工程实际出发，梳理星相机光学系统像质评价的指标，重点论述星点质心位置指标分解、光学系统评价指标分解过程.分析认为星相机光学系统设计过程中需关注质心位置偏差和质心位置与理想像高的偏差、温度分析需兼顾均匀温升及梯度温度变化.给出一个继承于双高斯结构形式的设计实例，结合像差理论进行消热设计和畸变控制，分析不同温度条件下不同类别恒星的质心位置一致性.设计结果表明该光学系统可满足高精度星相机指标要求.     

不同热处理工艺下激光增材制造TC4钛合金组织与性能研究进展

由于激光增材制造(Laser Additive Manufacturing,LAM)TC4钛合金加工成形过程的特殊性,导致该合金在力学性能上存在明显的各向异性,同时韧性、疲劳性能不能很好地满足使用要求。从材料组织与力学性能之间的关系出发,介绍了不同热处理工艺对激光增材制造TC4钛合金组织与力学性能的影响,指出了当前激光增材制造TC4钛合金热处理研究中存在的问题,并为后续激光增材制造TC4钛合金的热处理研究提供思路与方向。     

耐高温透波气凝胶复合材料性能

针对高马赫数飞行器中恶劣热环境对透波隔热材料的需求,采用溶胶-凝胶方法,以透波型石英纤维为增强体,通过超临界干燥及后处理制备透波二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料;并采用扫描电子显微镜、平板导热仪、石英灯辐射加热及万能电子试验机等手段对材料的微观形貌结构、隔热性能、耐温性及力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:二氧化硅透波气凝胶复合材料有良好的介电性能,介电常数在1.28~1.39可调、损耗角正切≤0.005;耐温性≥1 100℃、室温热导率≤0.02 W/(m·K);具有较好的力学性能,能保证飞行器在恶劣飞行环境中的通讯、遥测、制导等系统的正常工作。     

Validation of space-born Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer remote sensors aerosol products using application of ground-based Multi-wavelength Radiometer

The measurements of aerosol optical properties were carried out during April 2006 to March 2011 over Mohal (31.9°N, 77.12°E) in the northwestern Indian Himalaya, using the application of ground-based Multi-wavelength Radiometer (MWR) and space-born Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensors. The average (±standard deviation) values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm, Ångström exponent and turbidity coefficient during the entire measurement period were 0.25 ± 0.09, 1.15 ± 0.42 and 0.12 ± 0.06 respectively. About 86% AOD values retrieved from MODIS remote sensor were found within an uncertainty limit (Δτ_pλ = ±0.05 ± 0.15τ_pλ). In general, the MWR derived AOD values were higher than that of MODIS retrieval with absolute difference ∼0.02. During the entire period of measurement space-born MODIS remote sensor and ground-based MWR observation showed good correspondence with significant correlation coefficient ∼0.78 and root mean square difference ∼0.06. For daily observations the relative difference between these two estimates stood less than 9%. However, satellite-based and ground-based observation showed good correspondence, but further efforts still needed to eliminate systematic errors in the existing MODIS algorithm.     

Evaluation of tensile properties of a compositemetal joint with a novel metal insert design by experimental and numerical methods

Composite-metal joints with a metal insert are one kind of connecting structure.In this paper,tensile experimental tests were carried out to investigate tensile properties of a composite metal joint with a novel metal insert design.Finite element models of the joint were established,and strain distribution and tensile strength were analyzed.The numerical results are in good agree ment with the experimental results.Results show that the joint failure is dominated by shear properties of the resin layer.Increasing the resin layer thickness in a certain range will improve the tensile strength of the joint,while increasing the radius of the fillet on the ending side of the metal insert will decrease the joint strength.Increasing the resin layer plasticity will improve the joint strength.The effect of the embedded depth of the metal insert can be ignored.     

Modeling and Simulation of Pipeline Security Monitoring System Based on Line-Structure Sagnac Interferometer with 3×3Coupler

The third damage action,human disruption behavior,is one of the major threats to pipeline operation.It is necessary to monitor and locate the perturbation behavior that may threat pipeline safety in real-time.Therefore,a new pipeline security monitoring system is designed by using line-structure Sagnac optic fiber interferemeter with the characteristic of 3×3coupler that can modulate the phase of optic signal,with no need for phase modulation and demodulation.The optic structure of the new system is simplified,the signal processing accuracy is improved,and the polarization effect is reduced.The working principle of the monitoring in ideal condition is described,the phase demodulation is analyzed and the location of the possible damage action point is formulated.By using simulink,the optic signal propagation and interference is simulated and interference signals in different frequencies are obtained.The results validate the feasibility of the monitoring system and indicate that the low frequency signal less than 1kHz resulting from the human damage action can be detected.The disturbance set at 10 km can be located by calculating the demodulation signal accurately over a long monitoring distance.     

丙炔醇对铝阳极电化学性能的影响

为了提高铝阳极材料的耐析氢腐蚀和活化性能,用失重腐蚀、电化学等方法研究了在4 mol/LKOH溶液中,丙炔醇对铝阳极(99.999%)电化学性能的影响,结果表明:添加0.5%丙炔醇,不仅使铝的析氢腐蚀速率降低(缓蚀率达85.35%),又能最大程度保持铝阳极的活性(超过铝在4 mol/L KOH溶液中的活性),开路电位Eocp负移达-2.033 V.此外,在"饱和Ca(OH)2+4 mol/L KOH"溶液中,添加0.5%丙炔醇时,铝的缓蚀率高达93.21%,其表面腐蚀均匀,活化性能进一步提高,Eocp负移达-2.011 V.为铝阳极材料的应用提供了有实用价值的添加剂配方.     

提高空间光学遥感器有效分辨率的方法研究

亚像元成像技术是实现相机小型化、提高相机空间分辨率的有效方法。文章介绍了国内外主流的亚像元成像技术,分析了采样方式对标称分辨率及有效分辨率的影响。提出了基于倒易晶胞理论的自适应倒易晶胞用于调整错位频谱的方法,进一步提高了遥感器的有效分辨率。     

星载光学遥感系统偏振耦合误差分析与修正方法研究

星载遥感器偏振灵敏度带来的偏振测量误差会影响获取数据的准确性,该误差作为系统误差将直接影响到数据应用.文章采用矢量辐射传输模型模拟遥感器(以中等分辨率成像光谱仪为例)入瞳处信号偏振与遥感器偏振耦合特性,分析了遥感器偏振灵敏度分别为2%、5%、7%时,遥感系统的测量误差分布情况,发现偏振耦合误差直接影响获取数据的真实性和...     

高应变率条件下38CrMoAl钢的动态力学行为及失效模型

38CrMoAl钢是飞机某频繁经受冲击载荷结构的主要材料，为了获得该钢在冲击载荷下的力学行为和失效参数，本文对38CrMoAl钢开展了准静态试验、应变率从650 s^-1至5 500 s^-1的动态力学试验以及应力三轴度试验，对材料的金相组织和断口形貌进行了微观观察分析，最后基于试验结果确定了材料的修正强度模型和失效模型参数。试验结果表明，38CrMoAl钢具有较强的应变率敏感性，材料屈服强度随着应变率的增加具有正应变率强化效应，应变率在10^-3~5 500 s^-1的范围变化时，屈服应力从450 MPa上升到了1 085 MPa，应变率为5 500 s^-1时材料的屈服应力达到了准静态条件下的2.41倍。对材料组织的微观观察分析发现材料主要由呈现颗粒状的回火索氏体组成，材料在高应变速率加载下其塑性发生了下降，断口由韧窝型塑性断口向局部解理断面发生转变，韧窝尺寸也随着应变率的升高而变小。对Johnson-Cook（J-C）强度模型中的应变率强化项进行了修正，使修正后的本构模型可以更有效地描述38CrMoAl钢的动态力学行为，最后结合数值模拟方法确定了材料的J-C失效准则参数。