隐身巡航导弹及其探测技术研究

隐身巡航导弹的出现对现有的攻防对抗体系提出了挑战,如何防御隐身巡航导弹已成为当前的热点技术之一。讨论了巡航导弹的隐身技术、目标特性及对其进行探测的技术。     

基于RCS曲线的SAR图像点目标变化检测

地物目标的物理结构、表面粗糙度或地物目标类型发生了变化,则其后向散射能量一 般会发生相应的变化,对应的雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)也会发生变化,这 将导致合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)图像的亮度和色泽发生变化。提出 了一种新的基于RCS曲线特性的SAR图像目标变化检测算法。该算法不同于以往的基 于图像域的变化检测算法,从目标的散射特性提取目标的变化信息,避免了不同时相的SAR 图像对误配准所带来的错误。并进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明可行。
     

航天器舱内中子辐射探测技术

航天器舱内中子对于舱内电子设备和人员安全都存在潜在的巨大威胁,中子探测对于改进航天器防护层的设计,保护设备与人员安全都具有重要的意义。然而舱内中子辐射环境复杂,中子探测会受到带电粒子的干扰。文章主要调研了国外中子辐射环境及其效应探测载荷技术的发展现状,并对国外典型的中子辐射环境探测器的技术特点进行了总结。结合国外中子探测技术发展动态和我国的技术状况,对我国进一步发展载人航天器舱内中子辐射环境探测技术提出了建议。     

嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机的设计与在轨运行

介绍了立体成像原理、参数选择、相机方案及设计结果。发射前的实验室检测表明:整机MTF达0.48,S/N为235。由嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机获取的图像清晰,层次丰富。用户根据在轨运行前期探测数据对CCD立体相机的科学探测数据质量进行了初步评估,认为CCD立体相机工作正常,数据格式正确,科学数据有效,图像质量优良,能够进行稳定的数据观测、采集与下传。最后介绍了相机在研制过程中采用的一些新技术。     

微波无源遥感有效载荷现状与发展

针对微波无源遥感有效载荷这一卫星有效载荷中发展最早、最成熟的子领域,对从20世纪60年代至今,世界范围内在轨与在研共17个具有代表性的载荷产品进行了研究。综合分析了微波无源遥感载荷在气象、海洋、陆地、大气环境及深空微波遥感等应用领域的发展现状,归纳出无源微波遥感有效载荷向定量应用、功能复合、主被动一体、体制混合、太赫兹探测等方向的发展趋势。总结了我国与欧美发达国家在系统应用水平、反演处理能力、关键部组件性能、研发条件等方面存在的差距,提出了后续发展静止轨道毫米波亚毫米波探测仪、一体化微波成像探测仪、太赫兹冰云探测仪、L波段土壤湿度微波探测仪、亚毫米波临边探测仪、行星探测仪等载荷的设想。     

Dark energy,co-evolution of massive black holes with galaxies,and ASTROD-GW

The detection of low frequency band (100 nHz–100 mHz) and very low frequency band (300 pHz–100 nHz) gravitational waves (GWs) is important for exploration of the equation of state of dark energy and the co-evolution of massive black holes (MBHs) with galaxies. Most galaxies are believed to have a massive black hole in the galactic core. In the formation of these black holes, merging and accretion are the two main processes. Merging of massive black holes generate GWs which could be detected by space GW detectors and Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) to cosmological distances. LISA (Laser-Interferometric Space Antenna) is most sensitive to the frequency band 1 mHz–100 mHz, ASTROD-GW (ASTROD [Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices] optimized for Gravitational Wave detection) is most sensitive to the frequency band 100 nHz–1 mHz and PTAs are most sensitive to the frequency band 300 pHz–100 nHz. In this paper, we discuss the sensitivities and outlooks of detection of GWs from binary massive black holes in these frequency bands with an emphasis on ASTROD-GW. The GWs generated by the inspirals, merging and subsequent ringdowns of binary black holes are standard sirens to the cosmological distance. Using GW observations, we discuss the methods for determining the equation of state of dark energy and for testing the co-evolution models of massive black holes. ASTROD-GW is an optimization of ASTROD to focus on the goal of detection of GWs. The mission orbits of the 3 spacecraft forming a nearly equilateral triangular array are chosen to be near the Sun-Earth Lagrange points L3, L4 and L5. The 3 spacecraft range interferometrically with one another with arm length about 260 million kilometers. With 52 times longer in arm length compared to that of LISA, the strain detection sensitivity is 52 times better toward larger wavelength. The scientific aim is focused for gravitational wave detection at low frequency. The science goals include detection of GWs from MBHs, and Extreme-Mass-Ratio Black Hole Inspirals (EMRI), and using these observations to find the evolution of the equation of state of dark energy and to explore the co-evolution of massive black holes with galaxies.     

一种对并排直线及拦阻阵的协同搜潜评估方法

检查反潜是舰载反潜直升机的一项重要任务。基于并排直线阵型与拦阻阵型这两种常用的直升机协同搜索阵型，设计了全任务搜索覆盖率（SRP）、首次点水搜索覆盖率（FSRP）和90%搜索覆盖率点水次数（NDP0.9）三种搜潜阵型评价指标，并形成搜潜阵型综合评分指标。示例验证显示，搜潜阵型评价指标能够较为客观地反映搜潜阵型对于搜潜任务的合理性。     

Ground-Based Cloud Using Exponential Entropy/Exponential Gray Entropy and UPSO

Objective and accurate classification model or method of cloud image is a prerequisite for accurate weather monitoring and forecast. Thus safety of aircraft taking off and landing and air flight can be guaranteed. Thresholding is a kind of simple and effective method of cloud classification. It can realize automated ground-based cloud detection and cloudage observation. The existing segmentation methods based on fixed threshold and single threshold cannot achieve good segmentation effect. Thus it is difficult to obtain the accurate result of cloud detection and cloudage observation. In view of the above-mentioned problems, multi-thresholding methods of ground-based cloud based on exponential entropy/exponential gray entropy and uniform searching particle swarm optimization （UPSO） are proposed. Exponential entropy and exponential gray entropy make up for the defects of undefined value and zero value in Shannon entropy. In addition, exponential gray entropy reflects the relative uniformity of gray levels within the cloud cluster and background cluster. Cloud regions and background regions of different gray level ranges can be distinguished more precisely using the multi-thresholding strategy. In order to reduce computational complexity of original exhaustive algorithm for multi-threshold selection, the UPSO algorithm is adopted. It can find the optimal thresholds quickly and accurately. As a result, the real-time processing of segmentation of groundbased cloud image can be realized. The experimental results show that, in comparison with the existing groundbased cloud image segmentation methods and multi-thresholding method based on maximum Shannon entropy, the proposed methods can extract the boundary shape, textures and details feature of cloud more clearly. Therefore, the accuracies of cloudage detection and morphology classification for ground-based cloud are both improved.     

Influence of atmospheric turbulence on planetary transceiver laser ranging

In this paper we investigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of the uplink of a planetary transceiver laser ranging system using a single photon detector. We numerically combine the influence of turbulence in the mean intensity profile variations, scintillation, beam-wander induced pointing errors and stochastic time-of-flight variations, using the Hufnagel–Valley turbulence profile to model the ground turbulence behavior. We map the intensity variations due to turbulence to variations in the probability distribution of the arrival time of the 1st photon in a laser pulse, which influences the range measurement error probability distribution. The turbulence models are applied to assess the influence on single-pass range accuracy and precision statistics, as well as the parameter estimation quality of a Phobos Laser Ranging (PLR) mission.