考虑几何非线性的气动弹性模型缩比方法

随着飞机性能和需求的提高,大展弦比高柔性机翼逐渐成为新型飞机的主要结构形式。这类机翼具有高升阻比、大变形和重量轻等特性,几何非线性效应明显。然而机翼的大展弦比高柔性会带来更大的机翼变形,而机翼大变形则会引起相关的非线性气动弹性行为。为了评估这些非线性气动弹性行为并同时降低设计风险和成本,一般要使用缩比模型进行风洞试验以研究和确认真实飞机的气动弹性特性。基于此,首先使用了传统线性缩比方法来进行缩比,通过刚度质量耦合匹配模态响应法与刚度质量解耦匹配模态响应法这2种线性缩比方法,不断优化缩比结构的设计参数来满足目标缩比值。同时,提出一种动力学有限元模型的非线性静响应-模态协同优化方法,该方法是基于等效静态载荷法的几何非线性气动弹性模型缩比方法,通过2个不同的优化子程序分别匹配全尺寸飞机的非线性静响应和模态振型。结果表明,相比于传统线性缩比模型,考虑几何非线性的缩比模型能够更好地再现全尺寸飞机的非线性气动弹性行为。      

基于非线性直方图变换的对比度畸变图像校正

在实际成像过程中,因受多种因素影响而导致图像对比度畸变,使其质量下降。为了改善图像质量并增强视觉效果,提出了一种基于非线性直方图变换与参数优化的降质图像对比度畸变校正方法。首先,针对常规直方图均衡方法的局限性,通过人眼视觉感知特性分析,引入图像直方图的先验约束条件,建立了非线性直方图变换模型;进而,从校正效果的最优化角度考虑,运用遗传算法的进化寻优进行校正参数的优化,从而形成了一种高性能的对比度畸变校正算法。一系列在不同场景实拍的对比度严重畸变图像的校正实验结果表明,本文方法校正结果的客观质量评价测算指标和实际视觉效果都有显著提升,和常规校正方法相比具有明显优势。      

基于自适应阈值的粒子滤波非线性系统故障诊断

针对实际非线性系统传统方法难以实现可靠故障诊断的问题,采用粒子滤波算法,利用对数似然函数和作为评价指标,并借助自适应阈值的设计,研究了非线性非高斯系统的故障检测和故障隔离。阈值的选取,是准确判别系统是否发生故障的标准,本文通过分析非线性系统残差的统计特性,在判定残差统计特性成正态分布的基础上,设计了一种基于粒子滤波故障诊断的自适应阈值方法,减少了故障诊断的漏报和误报。通过非恒温连续搅拌水箱式反应堆的仿真实例,验证了该方法在故障诊断中的准确性和有效性。      

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

横航向驾驶员诱发振荡研究及地面模拟验证

本文建立了包括非线性环节在内的横航向驾驶员—操纵系统—飞机本体组合系统的数学模型,采用闭环控制原理,对JJ-7飞机横航向驾驶员诱发振荡PIO问题进行了研究,并详细地讨论了驾驶员参数及其各种操纵动作、操纵系统和飞机本体气动参数对横航向PIO的影响,探讨了横航向PIO产生的机理。文中以JJ-7飞机为例,采用时域法在整个飞行包线各点进行了检查,并用固基飞行模拟器进行模拟验证。其结果与理论计算结果相一致。     

Nonlinear Dynamics Behaviors of a Rotor Roller Bearing System with Radial Clearances and Waviness Considered

A rotor system supported by roller beatings displays very complicated nonlinear behaviors due to nonlinear Hertzian contact forces, radial clearances and bearing waviness. This paper presents nonlinear bearing forces of a roller bearing under four-dimensional loads and establishes 4-DOF dynamics equations of a rotor roller bearing system. The methods of Newmark-β and of Newton-Laphson are used to solve the nonlinear equations. The dynamics behaviors of a rigid rotor system are studied through the bifurcation, the Poincar è maps, the spectrum diagrams and the axis orbit of responses of the system. The results show that the system is liable to undergo instability caused by the quasi-periodic bifurcation, the periodic-doubling bifurcation and chaos routes as the rotational speed increases. Clearances, outer race waviness, inner race waviness, roller waviness, damping, radial forces and unbalanced forces-all these bring a significant influence to bear on the system stability. As the clearance increases, the dynamics behaviors become complicated with the number and the scale of instable regions becoming larger. The vibration frequencies induced by the roller bearing waviness and the orders of the waviness might cause severe vibrations. The system is able to eliminate non-periodic vibration by reasonable choice and optimization of the parameters.     

“一对一”空战中载机与目标的运动特性分析

从战术与技术相结合的角度,建立了“一对一”空战中交战双方的运动学方程,运用瞬时跨距的方法分析了载机与目标的相对运动,研究了目标在载机坐标系中的运动特性。文中的研究结果对歼击机“一对一”空战的战术选择有一定的指导意义。     

多轴液压联动实时插补控制算法

分析了液压系统位置控制的特点和难点,研究了多轴液压联动控制时运动轨迹滞后大、速度不平稳等问题,采用设置主、从变量并对主变量预估的方法,提出了多轴液压联动运动轨迹的实时插补控制算法,并进行了算法的误差分析,给出了算法编程实现的具体步骤。     

飞行器控制分配技术研究现状与展望

综述了现代飞行器控制分配技术的研究和应用状况.首先简要回顾了线性控制分配方法,然后着重论述了非线性控制分配技术的最新研究成果,包括截距修正法、分段线性规划法、非线性规划法及包含神经网络计算、遗传算法和模糊逻辑在内的智能控制分配技术,最后讨论了有待于进一步完善和深入研究的若干问题.     

微型扑翼飞行器非定常运动对平尾的影响

以西北工业大学自行研制的微型扑翼飞行器ASN211为研究对象,利用其简化的二维扑翼及平尾串列翼模型进行了非定常数值模拟,分析了扑翼俯仰运动及沉浮运动对平尾气动性能的影响。在数值模拟模块中,模型的俯仰运动及沉浮运动由动网格技术实现。通过计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent对此非定常流场进行数值计算,重点研究了扑翼非定常运动尾流对平尾气动效率的影响。定常状态与非定常时均条件下平尾升力曲线的对比分析表明,扑翼的非定常运动能够增大平尾的失速迎角及最大升力系数,因而使平尾的失速特性得到改善。