Capacity building in space law and space policy

A high level of expertise in space policy and law is required to initiate and keep pace with the expansion of space activities, including those undertaken by the private space industry. Space activities generally refer to those undertakings that are carried out with the use of several technologies for the exploration and utilization of outer space often for scientific, military, economic and social proposes within international and national policy and regulatory frameworks. Space policies and legal regimes determine the scope, nature, pace, possibility and development of space undertakings. Therefore, appropriate space policies and regulatory regimes, both at the international and national levels, are indispensable for the initiation, operation and enhancement of space activities. There are various regulatory models and approaches for regulating space activities, and for building capacity in space law and space policy. It is imperative to have the appropriate human resources and capabilities in the development and implementation of space policies and space legal regimes. This crucial requirement has been well recognized in the more advanced space-faring nations, but not to the same level in other space-faring or space-aspiring nations.     

Energetic neutral atom (ENA) and charged particle periodicities in Saturn’s magnetosphere

The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini spacecraft has observed energetic neutral atoms (ENA) and charged particles at Saturn from mid-2004 to the present. The particles often but not always reveal striking periodic behavior that seems to depend on the type of particle and spacecraft location. When subjected to a Lomb periodogram analysis, energetic electrons (>150 keV) exhibited strong frequency peaks near 10.80 h (the nominal or “base” period of Saturn kilometric radiation) during 2006–2008, but essentially no periodicity during 2005. The electron periodograms also show pronounced “double” frequency peaks in 2007 and 2008. Energetic protons (3–26 keV) show strong peaks near the same period for 2005–2007, but none for 2008. Oxygen ions at the same energies display strong peaks for 2005 and 2006, but not for 2007 and 2008. By projecting the ENA images onto Saturn’s equatorial plane or onto a plane perpendicular to the equatorial plane and then summing the data in the appropriate dimension, “strip” images can be constructed from which a time history can be derived. These time histories of ENA emissions are also subjected to a Lomb periodogram analyses. The energetic hydrogen neutrals (20–50 keV) exhibited periodic behavior only during 2007, while energetic oxygen neutrals (64–144 keV) displayed a strong SKR-like period in 2005 and 2006 but not for 2007 or 2008. Some of this behavior may be due to changing spacecraft aspect relative to the ENA emissions, and some of it may be real. This periodic behavior may be consistent with a rotating anomaly that “flashes” brightly in the midnight-to-dawn sector once per 10.8 h, with the flash parameters depending on particle species and energy.     

对称负重合型气动伺服阀零位流动状态分析

针对负重合型气动伺服阀(PSV)零位特性设计缺少理论依据问题,根据单个节流口的气体质量流量公式建立起气动伺服阀滑阀级的数学模型,采用假设求证法分析了零位时气体流经上、下游节流口的流动状态与影响因素之间的关系。结果表明在不同供、排气压力比下,负重合量不均等系数小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有3种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,或者均为声速流动,或者上游节流口为声速时下游节流口为亚声速流动;负重合量不均等系数不小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有两种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,以及上游节流口为亚声速时下游节流口为声速流动。可知气动伺服阀的零位流动状态由负重合量不均等系数与供、排气压力比共同决定。以负重合量不均等系数分别为0.5、1、2的气动伺服阀为例进行了计算和实验验证,实验结果与理论分析相吻合。     

基于灰关联层次分析法的无人机自修复控制策略评价

结合层次分析法(AHP)和灰关联度分析(GRA)法的优点,提出了一种灰关联层次分析(GRAH)综合评价方法,用于对无人机自修复控制策略进行评价。划分了无人机自修复控制策略的自修复等级,并与综合评价值统一起来,解决了不同自修复策略的修复效果评价标准问题;建立了自修复策略的评价指标体系,并给出了各指标的定义和计算公式;为了降低算法的复杂性,把一致性检验问题转化为一般的统计假设检验问题;构造了多专家判断矩阵和灰关联度矩阵,并给出了完整的GRAH评价模型。仿真结果表明,本文提出的GRAH综合评价法具有满意的准确性和可靠性。     

推进西部大开发的税收政策建议

为了实施西部大开发,我国政府制定了一系列税收优惠政策,但由于这些政策是对东部现行优惠政策的照搬,效果并不明显。文章认为,只有根据西部当前的经济发展水平、地方财力以及资源禀赋,给予特殊的税收优惠,使之形成相对于东部的优惠“落差”,才能发挥其应有的作用。具体而言,可以从以下几方面进行改进：一是加大对西部地区的税收返还力度,二是在西部地区实行以产业差别优惠为主的税收优惠,三是放宽征税条件,四是以税收优惠推动战略性产业布局,五是提高西部地区在共享税中的比重。     

中国中小企业发展环境分析与政府政策支持体系的构建

中小企业发展受市场环境和政策环境的双重制约,无论是从市场环境还是从政策环境来看,中国中小企业都需要政府政策的大力支持。政府支持中小企业发展本质上是对市场的干预行为,应当以最大限度弥补市场失灵和尽可能避免自身失灵为标准。因此,政府中小企业政策支持体系应当摆脱以往单纯从企业融资、技术支持等具体环节着手的政策路径,从宏观角度深入分析市场环境和政策环境,针对市场和政策两个方面存在的主要问题,有针对性地构建起符合中国国情的政策支持体系。     

基于策略路由的双出双入边界路由设计与实现

园区网双出口接入互联网络可以达到资源互补的目的,实现这个目标的关键在于为连接两个ISP的路由器上正确地规划路由。本文从园区网的典型需求个案分析入手,研究了如何通过在边缘路由器上构造访问控制列表和策略路由来分配流量并进行地址转换。还特别分析了由于地址转换以及进出数据包路径不一致带来的外部用户无法正常访问内部服务器的问题,并给出了解决办法。     

基于机会策略的多态系统视情更换决策

针对部件间存在性能相关性和经济相关性的多态系统,提出了基于机会策略的多态系统视情更换维修决策方法。采用Markov模型描述部件的衰退过程,利用通用生成函数对系统的可靠性指标进行分析,以机会策略为基础,从"部件级更换的角度"出发,提出了一种新的多态系统视情更换维修决策方法,确保系统在有限服役期内,获得最大经济效益。并以某雷达功率放大系统的更换维修决策为例进行分析,该方法在考虑部件间经济相关性的同时,一定程度上减少了总的维修次数,提高了装备系统的战场保障能力,具有很强的通用性和工程应用价值。     

高职院校教师教学能力演变规律与突破机制研究

"三教"是今后高职院校教育教学重点关注的领域,尤其是教师的教学能力提升方面,不仅关系到人才培养质量,更成为高职教育改革亟需突破的重点.以高职院校教师教学能力大赛政策为例,挖掘教师能力演变规律,探索教学突破机制,并提出团队配置精细化、教学设计精致化、课堂授课精品化及课程问题解决精益化等建议.     

基于策略的遥感卫星管控方法研究

针对遥感卫星管理控制中业务应用与底层调度紧耦合导致的操作复杂、人工干预多等问题,提出一种基于策略的遥感卫星管控方法。在搭建策略管控模型的基础上,采用分层控制闭环结构,构建卫星控制闭环;提出卫星集群分域管理方法,并设置策略部署机制;详细论述了基于策略的遥感卫星管控实现方法;以海上失联舰船搜救任务为典型案例进行仿真,验证该方法可以完成异构卫星集群基于事件驱动的闭环控制。基于策略的管理方法能够有效降低遥感卫星管控业务的复杂度,实现遥感卫星集群的自动控制。