Mean energy of response to galactic cosmic ray spectrum: IMP 8 and Climax neutron monitor

Solar modulations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity contain a wealth of information about their transport in the heliosphere. To extract this information from the data one studies the dependence of the observed modulations on the mean energy of response of detectors providing data for the analyses. There is a great deal of confusion about the detector energy response to GCR spectrum in the literature. We present a preliminary report on the computations of the mean energy of response for the Climax neutron monitor (CL/NM) and IMP 8 cosmic ray nuclear composition instrument to GCR protons for 1973–1998, covering the solar cycles 21 and 22. We find that for penetrating proton channel on IMP 8 the mean energy changes by a factor of over two whereas for the neutron monitor the change is only 21%. However, the corresponding change for the computed modulation function is a factor of about 3.5.     

我国BPL时号的频率控制系统及结果分析

根据我国现行ＢＰＬ时号的频率控制系统,分析ＴＢＰＬ时号频率控制系统的缺陷,对目前ＢＰＬ时号的频率稳定性进行了评价,提出了一种新的频率控制方案。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

火星磁层顶形成和变化的理论研究

考虑太阳风动压与行星电离层中的带电粒子热压及磁压之和平衡,建立了有大气（电离层）的行星磁层顶形成的理论模型,结合卫星对火星的观测数据,对子午面内向日侧火星磁层顶位形进行了数值计算和分析,研究了火星磁层顶位形及其与太阳风动压之间的变化关系．结果认为,火星磁层顶位形与地球磁层顶相似．太阳风动压越大,火星磁层顶越靠近火星;太阳风动压越弱,火星磁层顶越远离火星．根据火星内秉磁矩从古到今逐渐减小的观点,探索了大尺度磁场（内禀磁矩）对火星磁层顶的贡献作用,结果认为大尺度磁场越强,火星磁层顶越远离行星．这对于进一步研究火星磁层的长期演化以及其他行星磁层的位形变化都具有重要的意义．     

轴对称结构RBCC发动机超燃模态试验和数值模拟

为研究轴对称结构RBCC发动机超燃模态下的点火和燃烧性能,进行了地面直连试验。采用中心支板火箭与小支板组喷注相结合的方式作为点火和火焰稳定方式,并对燃料喷注方案进行了研究。试验与数值模拟结果表明,采用这种点火方式能实现轴对称结构RBCC发动机的可靠点火和稳定燃烧。二次燃料采取多级喷注的方式能充分利用流道中的氧气,实现较充分的燃烧,但应控制燃料喷注比例。双支板组的加入,能促进燃料与中心空气流的充分掺混,提升燃烧效率,获得较优的燃烧性能。     

基于浮空器的新型应急通信监测系统

介绍了一种新型的机动式空中应急通信监测系统,该系统以机动式系留气球和小型遥控飞艇为空中平台,搭载各种通信、侦察、监测等电子设备,具有快速灵活、机动性强、费用低廉等特点,能够适应复杂环境,面对突发事件时可以快速布置到任何需要的地方。     

三维攻击角度约束部分制导控制一体化设计

针对侧滑转弯(STT)导弹带有攻击角度约束的机动目标拦截问题,提出一种基于自适应终端滑模动态面控制的三维部分制导控制一体化(PIGC)设计方法。首先,建立了针对机动目标拦截的侧滑转弯导弹三维部分制导控制一体化设计模型,且不需要导弹速度微分体轴系分量信息。然后,使用终端滑模控制理论构建误差向量与虚拟控制量,达成精确拦截与攻击角度约束的控制目的;引入有限时间非线性收敛扩张状态观测器(ESO)来在线估计系统不确定性;设计自适应算子与自适应更新律对观测器的估计误差进行补偿,以提高方法的鲁棒性。最后,三维空间拦截仿真校验了方法在提高拦截精度与增强角度约束收敛性能的有效性。     

力值加载装置控制系统设计

针对力标准机不适用于力值现场校准测试的问题,设计了一种便携式的力值加载装置。该装置采用STM32F103为主控单片机,采用高准确度AD转换器测量力值,优化了力值加载控制算法,避免了力值加载过程中可能出现的各种问题。该装置控制速度快,准确度高,适用于力值现场校准测试。     

垂准仪校准的一个新方法

介绍了一种溯源于重力线的垂准仪校准方法;分析了＂顶杆式铅垂准线＂与＂平行光管式水平准线＂之间的联系与区别;基于顶杆式铅垂准线校准的几何模型,给出了天顶/底角的计算方法。