双三角翼飞机气动力工程计算研究

 双三角机翼比三角机翼气动布局具有更优越的升阻特性.飞机空气动力的工程计算是用数值方法寻求飞机最优设计方案的基础.采用基于面积比思想的半经验工程算法计算了双三角翼飞机的升力系数曲线斜率、零升阻力系数和诱导阻力因子.结果经风洞试验数据校验,精度完全能满足飞机方案设计要求.算法在某改型飞机方案设计中得到了成功的应用.     

Assessing ecohydrological factors variations and their relationships at different spatio-temporal scales in semiarid area,northwestern China

As a typical semiarid farming-pastoral ecotone sensitive to the environmennt, the Plain of West Liaohe Basin (WLBP) is currently experiencing drastic environmental changes. To identify how environmental change affect vegetation in the WLBP, we analysed spatiotemporal variation characteristics of Ecological environment factors based on monthly and annual air temperature (T), precipitation (P) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2015. And the correlations between them were investigated by correlation analysis (Simple correlation, partial correlation and complex correlation) at temporal and spatial scale. The results showed that: (1) the vegetation growth of the WLBP showed ameliorated trend, with a change rate of 0.004/yr.; (2) P was more sensitive to NDVI than T; (3) and the influence of hydrothermal changes on vegetation growth was more significant than that of the change of single climate factors at time scales; (4) the effects of anthropogenic factors on vegetation change were 75.07% (1982–1993) and 98.08% (1994–2015), respectively. At the temp-special scales, P&T and land use type change (LUCC) were the main climatic and anthropogenic factors that affect vegetation changes, respectively.     

The northern and southern mid-latitude ionospheric trough using global IGS vTEC maps

The aim of this work is the analysis of the mid-latitude ionospheric trough (MIT) using the Global Ionospheric Maps from IGS (GIMs) during the solar minimum, year 2008. This study was performed for different local times, 22, 00, 02 and 04 LT on the Northern and Southern hemisphere simultaneously. In the two hemispheres the MIT show asymmetric pattern. The high-latitude troughs are clearly distinguished in autumn and winter. Another feature is the longitudinal development towards the west of the geomagnetic pole covering a wider area in the Northern Hemisphere. Five empirical reference models were tested and compared with the MIT minimum position obtained from GIMs at different local times for both hemisphere. The results show a better agreement with the observations for the Northern Hemisphere specially with the Köehnlein & Raitt model. Fluctuations of 9 days and 27 days of the MIT minimum position are found, which could be related with the solar wind oscillations, especially for 00 and 02 LT in both hemisphere, suggesting a link between them.     

淮北地区水稻适宜发展规模的研究

准北地区水稻发展的主要制约因素是水资源，该地区水资源系统是江水北调大系统的一个有机部分，其水稻适宜规模取决于江水北调系统水资源的开发利用。根据输水线路或水资源特征将整个系统划分为１５个子系统，以水资源利用量最大，以及缺水造成的减产损失和提水费用之和最小作为水资源利用的两个目标，建立了模拟分析数学模型，提出了求解该模型的大系统分解一协调技术，给出了模拟模型的执行顺序和运行程序，研究了当前工程水平、泵站改造项目完成、通榆河工程完成和南水北调工程建成四种情况淮北水稻适宜发展规模。     

火焰筒壁面孔流量系数的试验研究

本文对火焰筒壁面孔的流量系数进行了试验研究。试验是在矩形试验件上进行的,模拟了燃烧室流动状态。对平面圆孔,不同翻边半径和翻边高度的翻边圆孔,在不同速度比 Va_1/VⅡ_1和加热比θ下进行流量系数试验研究。冷吹风状态和热态流量系数的最大差别在5～9％之间。将冷态下的流量系数 C_d 表示成流动参数 F_p 的关系。     

Latitude and solar-cycle dependence of radial IMF intensity

I describe a simple procedure for extrapolating the observed solar magnetic field into the heliosphere, which averages the asymptotic fields computed using the standard source surface and current sheet models. The resultant field is characterized by strong latitudinal gradients (maintained by volume currents outside the source surface) and by abrupt reversals in direction at the current sheets. The model yields good agreement with the observed long-term variation of the radial IMF component in the ecliptic, and is used to predict the variation of |B _r | along the latitudinal trajectory of Ulysses during 1990–1994. As found in earlier studies, the magnitude ofB _r at any latitude is determined largely by the strength and relative orientation of the Sun's dipole moment.     

一种终端区利用率评估方法研究

终端区利用率量化评估是解决终端区运行瓶颈、挖掘运行潜力的重要前提。现有方法大都面向全空域,指标缺乏通用性。聚焦终端区运行特点,构建了终端区利用率评估指标,基于灰色绝对关联度和主成分分析法,建立了灰色主成分评估模型,并对传统灰色绝对关联度的计算方法进行改进。以20个典型终端区数据为基础,经模糊C均值聚类验证了所提方法有效正确,且可区分性更好,能够满足多个终端区间的横向对比要求;结合广州终端区雷达数据进一步分析,发现方法更加细致地反映了沿时间轴的资源利用情况,满足单个终端区的纵向对比要求,可以为终端区的天气影响评估及流量管理优化策略评估提供论证依据。     

空间飞行器追踪区设计

重点介绍了空间飞行器通过一次变轨机动与目标交会的可行机动方案，在对飞行时间普适公式分析的基础上，建立了一般性的轨道转移预测模型， 给出了一种寻求空间飞行器可行变轨点集的方法，并提出了追踪区的概念。通过仿真计算，分别对各种时间和燃料资源限制条件下的追踪区大小变化进行了分析，结果表明，利用该方法求出的变轨点能够满足空间交会对燃料和时间等各方面的要求，且方法简捷，易于实现。     

失速改出伞阻力特征面积估算方法

研究了高平尾布局飞机的气动特性。使用失速改出伞是飞机改出深失速的重要途径,但如何确定失速改出伞的关键参数(阻力面积等)却没有现成的方法。以ARJ21-700飞机为例,分别使用公式分析法、类比法综合估算出失速改出伞的关键参数,通过模型自由飞和模拟仿真分析验证其具有足够效能将飞机改出深失速状态。形成了一套新机失速改出伞的设计方法和关键数据图表,可供其他型号飞机失速改出伞的设计研制使用。     

Modeling urban heat islands in heterogeneous land surface and its correlation with impervious surface area by using night-time ASTER satellite data in highly urbanizing city,Delhi-India

The present study is an assessment and identification of urban heat island (UHI) in the environment of one of the fastest urbanizing city of India, Delhi Metropolis, employing satellite image of ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ in the thermal infrared region 3–14 μm. Temporal (2001 and 2005) ASTER datasets were used to analyze the spatial structure of the thermal urban environment subsequently urban heat island (UHI) in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use/land cover (LULC). The study involves derivation of parameters governing the surface heat fluxes, constructing statistics of ASTER thermal infrared images along with validation through intensive in situ measurements. The average images reveal spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) of night-time and distinct microclimatic patterns. Central Business District (CBD) of Delhi, (Connaught Place, a high density built up area), and commercial/industrial areas display heat islands condition with a temperature greater than 4 °C compared to the suburbs. The small increase in surface temperature at city level is mainly attributed to cumulative impact of human activities, changes in LULC pattern and vegetation density. In this study the methodology takes into account spatially-relative surface temperatures and impervious surface fraction value to measure surface UHI intensity between the urban land cover and rural surroundings. Both the spatial and temporal variation in surface temperature associated with impervious surface area (ISA) has been evaluated to assess the effect of urbanization on the local climate.