增益对星载微波辐射计系统线性度的影响分析

针对星载微波辐射计中检波器的工作特性进行分析. 观测固定目标时, 通过调节AGC (Automatic Gain Control)的大小, 定量分析系统伏安特性曲线, 对星载微波辐射计系统线性度进行定性分析. 结果表明, 通过调节AGC大小, 系统增益发生变化, 导致检波器工作区间发生微弱变化, 通过两点定标不能完全消除由于增益引起的非线性误差. 对一定亮温范围的观测目标进行分析, 结果证明, AGC变化时反算亮温与实际目标亮温差值随观测亮温的变化而成非线性变化. 从而证明, 系统增益变化导致的亮温变化通过两点线性定标并不能完全消除. 在系统正常工作或实时定标过程中, 要尽量避免调节AGC值, 保证微波辐射计系统工作在线性区间.      

用于辐射计定标源发射率测量的标定方法

针对用于风云系列卫星有效载荷微波辐射计的地面定标的定标源的双站测量系统进行建模,引入与待测的有限大周期方锥阵列定标源结构一致的锥形阵列金属标定体(标定锥),取代常规的标定金属平板(标定板).通过基于三维时域有限差分(FDTD,Finite-Difference Time-Domain)算法和等效时谐场外推理论的仿真,结果显示标定锥具有与定标源相似的散射分布特性,并通过基于天线近场耦合理论的分析,标定锥与定标源具有相近的天线耦合功率密度分布,因此,用标定锥作为标定体可有效地消减由天线口面带来的近场天线耦合的误差.对于文中给定的定标源模型,在不考虑收发天线直接耦合的条件下,采用标定锥取代标定板进行标定可以将定标源发射率的测量精度提高一个数量级.      

Generating precise and homogeneous orbits for Jason-1 and Jason-2

Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server.     

固体火箭发动机排气羽流对微波衰减的计算方法

研究了弱电离的羽流等离子体对平面正弦微波的衰减机理,应用羽流等离子体电磁场标准Maxwell方程,结合颗粒相产物充放电的Shukla方程,给出有效用于微波衰减的预估方法;编制了(Radio fre-quency attenuation calculation,简称RFAC)羽流场微波衰减计算软件;分析了羽流场各特性参数对复电导率及微波衰减常数的影响规律,并结合ThermoCalc推进剂热力学评估系统计算了两种不同推进剂配方下,喷管出口羽流场对微波制导信号的衰减,计算结果与文献中的实验结果符合较好.      

高功率微波武器与反辐射导弹对抗研究

根据反辐射导弹和高功率微波武器的发展现状,从理论和技术上对高功率微波武器与反辐射导弹对抗的可行性进行了初步分析和探讨。     

星载大型旋转部件的热平衡试验方法

星载大型旋转部件因其构型复杂和相对星体其他部分转动的特性,给热设计的验证带来诸多难题。文章以“海洋二号”卫星的微波散射计为例,分别采用通过地面试验直接获取在轨预示温度的直接验证方法,以及验证热分析模型、再由热分析模型预示在轨温度的间接验证方法进行热平衡试验。通过对试验结果、热分析结果和在轨飞行结果的对比,验证了这2种试验方法正确、有效。     

共形波导场近似解及缝隙天线

把矩形波导一个宽面外突成均匀曲面构成的新波导统称为共形波导.利用金属波导边界条件、变分法、边界元素法构造这种新波导中主模场的一种近似解表达式,包括曲面横截线为对称、非对称圆弧,抛物线弧,双曲线弧,椭圆弧等.然后根据等效原理,推导非对称圆弧 矩形波导曲面上窄的纵向半波长缝隙的等效谐振电导的近似计算公式,给出计算曲线.这种解虽然是近似的,但却能解决这类共形波导缝隙天线的工程设计.     

Fabrication and Investigation on Double-Hollow Shell CoFe Oxide@TiO2 Nanocube with Superior Electromagnetic Properties

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently required in the fields of medicine, communication, and military. However, the thickness, weight, narrow effective bandwidth, and weak absorbing ability of the materials restrict their further application. In this work, a double-layer hollow nanocube with a dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell and a magnetic CoFe oxide inner shell is prepared. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared by the hydrothermal method, and used as the template to prepare PB@CoFe PB analogue (PBA). After selective etching and further calcination, hollow CoFe oxide particles are obtained. The obtained particles are then coated with SiO2 and TiO2, respectively, and the intermediate layer is dislodged to obtain the final CoFe oxide@TiO2 with the hollow double shell structure. The obtained double-layer hollow structure can effectively capture the incident electromagnetic waves, and increase the propagation path. Moreover, the obvious enhancement of interface polarization and the improvement of impedance matching enhance the wave absorbing ability of the material. The analysis results show that, the structure is stable and the dispersion is good. The maximum reflection loss (RL) at 10 GHz is as high as -46.1 dB with the sample thickness of 1.6 mm. The light-weight and high-efficiency CoFe oxide@TiO2 absorber is promised to be used in commercial and military aerospace fields.     

星载主动遥感气溶胶-云参数技术需求与进展

面对越来越迫切的气象和气候预测及大气环境监测需求,利用主动星载仪器在全球范围内探测云和气溶胶参数成为快速发展的研究领域。相比被动遥感仪器,主动仪器可以获取云和气溶胶参数的垂直分布信息,这将在天气气候模式的改进方面发挥重要作用。通过云和气溶胶遥感需求分析,从雷达数据应用角度,首先介绍了数值模式对云和气溶胶的科学参数需求和定量需求,进一步分析了云和气溶胶联合观测的需求,以及星载微波激光雷达的探测特点;然后对国内外正在规划的星载云和气溶胶微波激光雷达探测任务进行了综述,包括仪器指标和数据产品设计;最后展望这一领域的应用前景。     

E-弹-大规模电性毁伤武器

高功率电磁脉冲和高功率微波产生技术已经逐渐成熟,常规E-弹的发展允许其在非核条件下使用,E-弹在战略和战术信息战上的应用,其在技术上已成熟。文中讨论了E-弹的相关的技术原理和投射技术,并提出了E-炸弹和战斗部应用的领域和依据。