星—地路径雨致衰减特性及其对卫星系统设计的可能影响

本文综述了影响星—地路径雨致衰减的主要因素。并利用在北京获得的实测数据,对北京地区星—地雨致衰减的特点进行了分析。此外,还对卫星定点位置的选择和北京上行站选址提出了建议。     

激光选区熔化成形TC4钛合金的电子束焊接气孔缺陷控制研究

激光选区熔化(SLM)增材制造技术常用于格栅、腔体结构、燃烧室组件等航空、航天、兵器领域复杂小型零件的制造.为了适应大尺寸零部件的制造,较为理想的方案是采用分段增材成形+拼焊连接的方案,针对SLM成形TC4钛合金进行了电子束焊接工艺验证研究,分析了SLM成形材料焊接气孔缺陷及其产生原因,探讨了不同焊接工艺对气孔缺陷的改...     

多孔探针系统误差分析

以不可压流场的Bernoulli方程和势流理论为出发点详细推导了多孔探针的基本测量原理并获得了相应的数学模型,从而将具有不同头部（如球体、圆锥体）、不同孔数（如3、5、7乃至18孔）的各种类型多孔探针纳入到相同的数学模型之下,为系统分析各类探针提供了条件。通过分析推导过程,得出了多孔探针测量数学模型成立的4个基本约束条件。在实际测量过程中若偏离这4个基本条件必然会在测量结果中引入系统误差。将由此引入的系统误差分别归纳为：数学模型误差、制造误差以及使用误差,并逐个进行了详细的分析。同时,还以较为常用的七孔探针为例,采用计算流体力学软件对以上3种情况造成的误差进行了定量计算。根据以上分析和计算结果,为实际应用中选择合适类型的探针、确定使用条件、评估测量系统误差给出了详细的建议。     

面向测试性虚拟验证的功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型

 由于测试性预计和测试性试验验证客观存在的困难及问题,测试性虚拟验证将在测试性工程领域发挥重要作用.根据测试性虚拟验证对模型的需求,针对传统测试性模型存在的定量特征少、导致测试性评估结果不准确等问题,提出一种功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型.首先,分析并指出该一体化模型由功能、故障、行为、测试、环境5大类要素构成.然后,在数学上对该一体化模型及其子模型进行定义和描述,分析并建立各子模型之间的关联关系.最后以某导弹及其测试系统为案例进行实验和应用研究.结果表明,在建模信息量充足的情况下,基于该一体化模型得到的测试性虚拟试验验证与评估结果较准确,能较好地支持装备测试性摸底、鉴定与验收等.     

Space Flight Validation of Design and Engineering of the ZDPS-1A Pico-satellite

The ZDPS-1A pico-satellites are the first satellites in China within the 1-10 kg mass range that are successfully operated on orbit. Unlike common pico-satellites, they are designed to be "larger but stronger" with more powerful platforms and unique payloads so as to bear a better promise for real applications. Through their space flight mission, the functionality and performance of the two flight models are tested on orbit and validated to be mostly normal and in consistency with design and ground tests with only several inconforming occasions. Moreover, they have worked properly on orbit for one year so far, well exceeding their life expectancy of three months. Therefore, the space flight mission has reached all its goals, and verified that the design concept and the engineering process of the picosatellites are sufficient in allowing them the desired functionality and performance in, and the adaption to the launch procedure and the low-Earth orbit space environment. In the foreseeable future, the platform together with the design concept and the engineering process of the pico-satellites are expected to be applied to more complicated real space applications.     

基于AFDX的航空电子系统可调度性分析

航空电子全双工交换式以太网(AFDX,Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet)是新一代大型飞机机载网络的首选方案,构建其上的航空电子系统应保证强实时应用在时限内完成.针对现有AFDX实时性研究仅给出网络延迟上界的不足,综合考虑了任务的响应时间以及实时消息在AFDX网络中的传输延迟.建立了使用AFDX网络的航空电子系统模型,分析了分布式任务序列的整体时间需求.应用全局分析思想,给出任务序列的最坏情况响应时间,为系统实时性的评价和优化提供了理论依据.仿真结果表明该分析给出了紧凑的任务序列响应时间上界.     

宇航元器件应用验证系统工程研究

在调研国内外宇航元器件应用验证研究及工程实践的基础上,总结了我国宇航元器件应用验证的目标和特点,即以解决元器件宇航应用可用度评价并促进成熟应用为目标,具有多阶段、多领域、多目标、多任务和多参与方等特点。分析了应用验证的复杂性、层次性、整体性、环境适应性等复杂系统特性;在论证系统工程理论和方法指导宇航元器件应用验证研究适用性的基础上,建立了系统工程视角下的我国宇航元器件应用验证技术框架体系,凝练出一套集成的应用验证成果体系。应用验证工程实践表明,应用验证研究成果具备有效性和科学性,但仍需不断丰富和完善。     

基于神经内分泌调控机制的类生物化制造系统研究

从制造系统、生物系统、控制系统学科交叉的角度出发,借鉴生物有机系统的神经-体液调控机制及规律,提出了一种新型的类生物化制造系统体系结构,研究如何将生物有机体的神经内分泌激素调控机制借用到制造系统调度规划与管理中。首先提出了有机制造单元的概念,然后建立了基于有机制造单元的具有多主体协调与递归控制特点的类生物化制造系统协调模型。基于神经内分泌激素调节规律,建立了类生物化制造系统的多重反馈控制模型,实现车间层在干扰环境下的快速自适应调度与控制。     

基于柠檬酸金钾的电镀金工艺研究

针对现有的有氰镀金体系镀液含有有毒的氰化物,废液污染环境、处理困难等问题,提出低危害电镀金工艺实验研究。为了极大减少溶液在实验过程中电离出游离态氰离子,选择柠檬酸金钾作为电镀金溶液配方主盐。在既定的溶液配方基础上,改变电场、流场、冲液方式、阴阳极间距等参数,优化实验工艺,在紫铜基体上进行基础实验,得到结晶晶粒细致,与基底结合力高,表面光亮度好的电镀层。采用原子力量微镜(Atomic force microscope,AFM)测试了基体和镀层的微观形貌,镀金层有效复制,基体表面的粗糙度降低。应用扫描电子量微镜(Scanning election mircroscope,SEM)分析了镀层的组成成份,并用WS-97涂层附着力划痕试验仪检测了镀层的结合力,其性能满足行业标准的要求。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.