Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches

In this review article the current status of particle dark matter is addressed. We discuss the main theoretical extensions of the standard model which allow to explain dark matter in terms of a (yet undiscovered) elementary particle. We then discuss the theoretical predictions for the searches of particle dark matter: direct detection in low-background underground experiments and indirect detection of neutrinos, gamma-rays and antimatter with terrestrial and space-borne detectors. Attention will be placed also on the discussion of the uncertainties, mainly of astrophysical origin, which affect the theoretical predictions. The constraints placed by these searches on the extensions of the standard models will be briefly addressed.     

High resolution limb observations of clouds by the CRISTA-NF experiment during the SCOUT-O3 tropical aircraft campaign

The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF) experiment on board the Russian research aircraft Geophysica measures limb emission spectra with an unprecedented vertical and horizontal resolution in the 4–15 μm wavelength region. The IR spectra measured during the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign have been analysed with respect of cloud occurrence, cloud vertical and horizontal extent, cloud spatial structures and their utilisation for trace gas retrievals. In addition indicators for ice water content and optical thickness of the clouds have been adopted. These new kinds of measurements in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region are especially valuable for the design and development of future space borne high resolution limb sounders.     

多功能大气探测激光雷达应用

激光雷达具有高的时间和空间分辨率、优越的方向性和相干性、高的探测精度和实时快速的数据获取能力，已经被广泛应用于大气探测、环境监测等领域。随着技术的发展，大气探测激光雷达由最初的单波长、单功能朝着多波长、多功能方向发展，技术更加成熟，操作更加方便。本文将介绍大气探测激光雷达的基本原理，及其在探测大气气溶胶和云、水汽、温度、污染物和大气边界层高度等方面的数据应用。最后，对多波长多功能大气探测激光雷达的数据应用发展进行了总结和展望。     

合成孔径激光雷达研究

合成孔径激光雷达是目前国内外研究的热点。文中讨论了SAL的概念和原理,建立了SAL回波信号模型,研究了RD算法的处理流程,并进行了机载SAL点目标和分布目标成像的模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,SAL具有较高的分辨能力。此外,文中还提出了在军事上利用SAL和SAR联合检测军事目标的方法。     

Open framework for objective evaluation of crater detection algorithms with first test-field subsystem based on MOLA data

Crater Detection Algorithms (CDAs) applications range from estimation of lunar/planetary surface age to autonomous landing on planets and asteroids and advanced statistical analyses. A large amount of work on CDAs has already been published. However, problems arise when evaluation results of some new CDA have to be compared with already published evaluation results. The problem is that different authors use different test-fields, different Ground-Truth (GT) catalogues, and even different methodologies for evaluation of their CDAs. Re-implementation of already published CDAs or its evaluation environment is a time-consuming and unpractical solution to this problem. In addition, implementation details are often insufficiently described in publications. As a result, there is a need in research community to develop a framework for objective evaluation of CDAs. A scientific question is how CDAs should be evaluated so that the results are easily and reliably comparable. In attempt to solve this issue we first analyzed previously published work on CDAs. In this paper, we propose a framework for solution of the problem of objective CDA evaluation. The framework includes: (1) a definition of the measure for differences between craters; (2) test-field topography based on the 1/64° MOLA data; (3) the GT catalogue wherein each of 17,582 craters is aligned with MOLA data and confirmed with catalogues by N.G. Barlow et al. and J.F. Rodionova et al.; (4) selection of methodology for training and testing; and (5) a Free-response Receiver Operating Characteristics (F-ROC) curves as a way to measure CDA performance. The handling of possible improvements of the framework in the future is additionally addressed as a part of discussion of results. Possible extensions with additional test-field subsystems based on visual images, data sets for other planets, evaluation methodologies for CDAs developed for different purposes than cataloguing of craters, are proposed as well. The goal of the proposed framework is to contribute to the research community by establishing guidelines for objective evaluation of CDAs.     

非真空收集器质谱检漏标定技术

从理论上导出了非真空收集器质谱检漏漏率的几种标定公式 ,并对漏率标定的各种方法进行了利弊分析。经综合考虑认为 :为实现快速的高精度的漏率标定 ,采用标准气量直接加注法进行漏率的标定是比较适宜的     

亚像素条纹边缘提取技术在型面测量上的应用

三维型面非接触测量在工业领域有着广泛的应用前景.双目视觉是一种有效获取三维轮廓信息的方法,其中对大密度的黑白相间条纹进行精确定位和提取,是基于投影光栅图像的光学三维型面测量的关键技术和难点.利用空间编码技术将被测空间划分为若干区域,每个区域对应一个二进制码.条纹落在区域上与唯一的二进制码相对应,就可以对条纹精确定位.利用边缘提取算法获得像素级条纹后,再利用亚像素技术可以进一步对条纹进行高精度提取.介绍了基于灰度矩的和基于多项式拟合的亚像素边缘检测算法.将空间编码和亚像素条纹提取技术相结合,对光栅条纹进行亚像素级定位和提取的技术,与像素级的定位技术相比,能提高图像的定位精度,有效地改善测量系统的性能.      

复杂交通场景中多运动目标分割算法

针对室外复杂交通场景中多运动目标分割问题,提出了一种由变化检测和运动分割组成的算法,利用水平集算法对帧差图像进行变化检测得到运动窗口,在运动窗口范围内进行改进的k-均值聚类分割,利用运动相似性进行分割区域融合.算法避免了整个图像的分割,减少了运算量,完整的分割出运动目标.试验结果表明,算法不仅能从复杂交通场景图像序列中有效的检测和提取出运动目标并有很强的鲁棒性,而且能够解决运动目标的遮挡问题.      

多界面多任务下不同任务权重的目标辨认

武器装备人机界面设计中目标辨认问题,必须通过目标辨认的实验和评价研究加以解决.根据飞行作业中所需完成的操作任务,提出一个多界面多任务目标辨认实验方案.通过测定被试完成实验主任务的反应时间和正确探测率,研究人在不同任务权重下对目标颜色、形状、位置的辨认情况,为人机界面设计目标编码提供科学依据.实验结果表明:在需要分配人注意力的条件下,无论任务权重如何,绿色、红色和三角形是界面设计中合适的目标编码,圆形和正方形必要时可用于目标编码;人对不同位置的目标辨认受到任务权重的影响,人机界面对目标位置的设计要充分考虑任务权重因素.      

一种基于HMM的多用户检测算法

针对以概率统计为基础信道估计收敛速度慢、状态估计存在非合理性的问题进行研究,提出了一种新的多用户检测方法.该算法以隐马尔可夫模型为基础,为了避免由于相邻状态序列后向概率相差很大而造成的信道估计发散,采用固定延迟的方法,利用锯齿延时的办法计算后向序列概率以减少计算复杂度.根据前后序列之间的相关性和最陡下降法,提出了解相关最小均方(DLMS)多用户上行复合信道的盲估计. 考虑到由于发射序列状态之间可能存在时序非继承性,而搜索与前向序列对应的具有最大转移概率的后续序列,给出了最大后验(MAP)多用户检测方法.计算机仿真实验表明,该算法提高了信道响应估计速度,具有全局收敛性和系统的稳定性.