超声速燃烧实验研究(Ⅱ)

用电弧加热空气,对带有突扩台阶后扩张形,入口M_a=2.1和3.0的超声速燃烧室进行了实验研究,并对两种不同燃烧室长度、煤油和氢气在垂直和平行喷射下的燃烧状况作了比较。     

H2O2-PE固液火箭发动机低频不稳定燃烧研究

介绍了85％H2O2-PE固液火箭发动机的低频不稳定燃烧特征;应用发动机质量守恒方程对发动机低频耦合振荡燃烧现象进行了一维模拟,分析了氧化剂喷射压降对低频不稳定燃烧的影响。利用扰动分析确立了固液火箭发动机的稳定工作限。提出了抑制低频耦合振荡燃烧的方法。     

2 AU以内的“渐进型”太阳高能粒子事件模拟

太阳高能粒子（Solar Energetic Particle,SEP）事件是影响地球空间以及深空辐射环境的主要因素之一。“渐进型”太阳高能粒子事件中的高能粒子主要来自于日冕物质抛射（Coronal Mass Ejection,CME）所驱动的激波扩散加速（Diffusive Shock Acceleration,DSA）过程。CME驱动的激波在行星际的传播过程中,其结构不断演化,进而影响到高能粒子的加速过程。本文利用二维太阳高能粒子加速和传播模型,对发生于2014年4月18日的太阳高能粒子事件实例进行了数值模拟。模型考察了黄道面上2 AU的距离以内包含地球所在位置的4个不同点,分别计算了每个点上高能粒子的通量。数值模拟的结果表明：黄道面内不同位置的观察点,与激波波前的磁力线连接不同,从而导致观察点处高能粒子的通量有着显著的差异。该模型的计算结果可以为深空探测计划开展辐射环境研究提供必要的输入。     

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization. In this study, a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction (PMR) model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking. Specifically, the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and evaporation process if present. The state of a flame particle, e.g., burnt, hot gas or extinguished, is determined based on particle temperature. This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region, which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number. The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation. The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuel-lean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone, PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles. The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed. The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation: a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface, and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone. The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.     

基于自适应网格的钝头体激波诱导燃烧现象数值模拟研究

钝头体激波诱导燃烧是爆震研究的一个基本问题。针对化学恰当量比的H2/Air预混气在Ma=4.79和Ma=6.46时的激波诱导燃烧现象开展数值模拟研究，采用基于有限体积法的块结构自适应网格加密程序AMROC对带化学反应源项的轴对称Euler方程解耦求解，考察了数值模拟中不同形式的MUSCL重构格式、限制器类型以及化学反应机理等重要因素对模拟结果的影响。结果表明，程序能够根据设定的加密判据较好地实现网格自适应加密，减小总网格量，实现高效数值模拟。通过与实验数据的对比，表明非定常激波诱导燃烧算例的准确程度不仅取决于化学反应机理，也取决于限制器类型，而采用两种不同形式的MUSCL重构格式获得的振荡频率则几乎一致，与试验结果的误差分别为1.17%和0.97%。模拟对比经典的Jachimowski机理和近年来新发展的几种包含压力相关反应步的氢/氧反应机理，模拟结果表明：对于Ma=4.79时的非定常激波诱导燃烧模拟，经典的Jachimowski机理仍然是能够给出与实验结果最接近的反应机理；而对于Ma=6.46时的定常激波诱导燃烧模拟，几种反应机理均能给出与实验吻合较好的结果。     

Inverse identification of constitutive parameters of Ti2AlNb intermetallic alloys based on cooperative particle swarm optimization

Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloy is a relatively newly developed high-temperature-resistant structural material, which is expected to replace nickel-based super alloys for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aeronautic and automotive engines due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength retention at elevated temperature. The aim of this work is to present a fast and reliable methodology of inverse identification of constitutive model parameters directly from cutting experiments. FE-machining simulations implemented with a modified Johnson-Cook (TANH) constitutive model are performed to establish the robust link between observables and constitutive parameters. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments with varied cutting parameters is carried out to allow an exact comparison to the 2D FE-simulations. A cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and implemented into the Matlab programs to identify the enormous constitutive parameters. Results show that the simulation observables (i.e., cutting forces, chip morphologies, cutting temperature) implemented with the identified optimal material constants have high consistency with those obtained from experiments, which illustrates that the FE-machining models using the identified parameters obtained from the proposed methodology could be predicted in a close agreement to the experiments. Considering the wide range of the applied unknown parameters number, the proposed inverse methodology of identifying constitutive equations shows excellent prospect, and it can be used for other newly developed metal materials.     

驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射性能数值分析

为研究驻涡燃烧室在前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能,采用3维数值仿真模拟方法,对驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射 状况下的燃烧效率及燃烧室性能与无前钝体燃料喷射状况下的燃烧性能进行了对比分析,并对驻涡燃烧室的冷流以及燃烧状态 下的燃烧室性能进行了系统研究。燃烧室温度分布表明：前钝体顶部燃料喷射在0.2~0.7的喷射系数范围内,缩短了燃烧室火焰 长度,提高了燃烧室在相同轴向长度下的燃烧效率,使燃烧室更加紧凑;驻涡燃烧室前钝体顶部燃料喷射孔的孔径在一定范围内 的变化对燃烧室的燃烧效率、出口温度分布系数以及总压损失影响较小。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口温度场分布CARS测量

针对超燃冲压发动机研究中对燃烧室出口温度场的测量需求以及暂冲式超燃冲压发动机燃烧台架试验中的应用难点,开发了适用于瞬态燃烧场温度测量的单脉冲相干反斯托克斯拉曼反射（CARS）系统及CARS光谱计算和温度反演软件CARSCF。采用USED相位匹配方式来降低湍流影响,结合多尺度小波分析方法来实现CARS光谱降噪处理,提高信噪比。在暂冲式脉冲燃烧风洞上开展了来流马赫数2.6条件下超燃冲压发动机燃烧室出口温度测量试验,获取了超声速来流（冷态）建立、H₂点火加热空气、建立超声速燃烧流场直至试验结束过程中的燃烧室出口温度,以及煤油/空气燃烧时燃烧室出口温度场分布。结果显示,超声速冷流时温度处于低温（约205K）状态,随着H₂点火加热来流空气,来流温度上升至853K;随着煤油/Air点火,温度急剧上升,稳定燃烧状态下燃烧流场温度为1970K±144K。燃烧室出口截面温度场分布测量结果显示,高温区位于燃烧室出口截面上侧区域,而燃烧室出口截面上中间区域的温度低于上下两侧。燃烧室出口温度分布CARS测量结果与火焰自发光成像结果一致,表明单脉冲CARS技术用于瞬态燃烧流场温度测量的可行性。     

碳氢燃料超声速燃烧的化学动力学研究 (Ⅰ)甲烷超声速燃烧的简化化学动力学模型

采用雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程对碳氢燃料甲烷（ＣＨ４） 在超声速流动中混合燃烧过程进行了数值研究, 提出了简化的甲烷燃烧的反应机理及反应动力学模型, 建立了Ｂａｌｄｗ ｉｎ－Ｌｏｍ ａｘ 代数涡粘性湍流模型, 采用了高精度的ＴＶＤ隐式格式和化学源项隐式解法, 计算结果和氢气／空气超燃的计算结果进行了比较, 表明所采用的反应机理及计算模型合理, 算法可行, 就算例结果而言,碳氢化合物作为一种超燃燃料有其独特的优势, 值得进一步深入研究     

双燃式冲压发动机中超燃燃烧室冷态流场数值模拟

采用Ｍａｃ Ｃｏｒｍ ａｃｋ 矢通分裂格式, 求解雷诺平均的Ｎ－Ｓ方程组, 采用Ｂａｌｄｗ ｉｎ－Ｌｏ－ｍ ａｘ 代数湍流模型和混合长度模型, 模拟超燃燃烧室内两股平行超声速来流的冷态流场, 取得了与试验相一致的结果, 计算表明回流区和射流流动参数对超燃燃烧室流场内波系的变化有着较大的影响。