Chicks incubated in hypomagnetic field need more exogenous noradrenaline for memory consolidation

The geomagnetic field (GMF) is one of the essential characteristics of the terrestrial environment but does not apply in outer space. The elimination of GMF may interfere with the normal activities of life in many aspects. Previous behavioral experiments have found that long-term memory is impaired in chicks incubated in a near-zero magnetic environment (i.e. hypomagnetic field or HMF). The present study was designed to evaluate the possible involvement of noradrenergic change in the functional abnormality observed before. A HMF space was produced by nullifying the natural GMF with three pairs of Helmholtz coils. The one-trial passive avoidance learning paradigm was performed on day-old chicks incubated in either the HMF space or the natural GMF. Exogenous noradrenaline was administered by intracerebral injections and the effect on memory consolidation was compared between the two categories of subjects. In the behavioral paradigm, the HMF chicks had a higher elimination rate than the GMF chicks and displayed a significant reduction in overall responsiveness. The administration of moderate doses (0.1–0.5 nmol/hemisphere) of noradrenaline led to fairly good memory retention in GMF chicks but had little effect on HMF chicks. However, long-term memory of HMF chicks could be elevated to the normal level by much higher doses (1.0–1.75 nmol/hem) of the drug. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to HMF may induce disorders in the noradrenergic system in the brain and indicate a potentiality of counteracting the ill-effect of GMF deprivation with appropriate pharmacological manipulation.     

电子回旋共振推力器中和器内磁场与微波电磁场计算分析

电子回旋共振推力器具有寿命长、比冲高、结构简单等特点,用于深空探测主推进具有很大的吸引力.中和器是电子回旋共振推力器的关键部件之一,其主要作用为产生电子,中和离子源发射的离子束流,它对保持电子回旋共振推力器的电位平衡有着重要作用.文中针对φ10 cm推力器的中和器,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了磁路模型,计算了中和器内磁场分布,得出了方案中电子回旋共振面的位置.针对中和器的工作特,最,设计了多种天线方案,利用ANSYS软件计算了其对应的电磁场分布.计算结果表明,设计磁场提供的电子回旋共振面位置合理,L型天线方案可实现放电击穿,产生等离子体.计算结果对电子回旋共振推力器的中和器设计与研制提供了帮助.     

Dual attitude and parameter estimation of passively magnetically stabilized nano satellites

The attitude determination capability of a nano satellite is limited by a lack of traditional high performance attitude sensors, a result of having small budgets for mass and power. Attitude determination can still be performed on a nano satellite with low fidelity sensors, but an accurate model of the spacecraft attitude dynamics is required. The passive magnetic stabilization systems commonly employed in nano satellites are known to introduce uncertainties in the parameters of the attitude dynamics model that cannot easily be resolved prior to launch. In this paper, a batch estimation problem is formulated that simultaneously solves for the attitude of the spacecraft and performs parameter estimation on the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials using only a measurement of the solar vector. The estimation technique is applied to data from NASA Ames Research Center's O/OREOS nano satellite and the University of Michigan's RAX-1 nano satellite, where clear differences are detected between the magnetic properties as measured before launch and those that fit the observed data. To date this is the first known on-orbit verification of the attitude dynamics model of a passively magnetically stabilized spacecraft.     

载人深空探测磁场主动辐射防护技术研究

基于单粒子轨道理论和蒙特卡洛方法建立了一种磁场主动屏蔽防护分析方法,针对理想磁场构型分析了屏蔽磁场强度、厚度和结构对屏蔽效果的影响。研究结果表明：屏蔽效率随磁刚度BL增大且当磁刚度BL一定时,增加磁场强度B比增加磁场厚度L更有效;对于有限长屏蔽磁场构型,端盖区需加强防护;桶状区与端盖区采用直线型屏蔽磁场的构型防护效果最好,能够对典型银河宇宙线能谱屏蔽90%的高能粒子。     

固体火箭发动机磁悬浮试验架系统动态性能分析

在磁悬浮系统数学模型的基础上,将磁悬浮试验架对发动机的悬浮支承等效为质量一弹簧．阻尼系统。计算了磁悬浮试验架的刚度、阻尼及固有频率,计算结果得到了试验的验证。表明除系统机械设计参数外,控制方式及控制器参数是影响系统动态特性的关键因素,并通过仿真说明了控制器参数对系统动态性能的影响。为设计适合发动机试验的磁悬浮系统提供参考。     

磁通门磁强计在深空探测中的应用

磁场测量是深空探测的重要任务之一,通过磁场可以遥感行星内部、研究行星演化历史、认知太阳系天体空间环境。基于法拉第电磁感应原理的磁通门磁强计,因空间适应性强、技术成熟度高、可靠性高等特点,是深空磁场测量最为常用的载荷。简要描述了磁通门磁强计的基本测量原理,探讨了地面和在轨标定的原理和实施方法,并介绍了磁强计在空间任务中的应用方式。目前,我国已经具备了星载高精度磁通门磁强计的研制能力。在不久的将来,磁通门磁强计有望在深空探测任务中发挥重要作用。     

磁拓扑结构对环型离子推力器放电性能的影响

为得到环型离子推力器最佳磁拓扑结构以有效提高推力器放电效率、降低放电损耗,对不同类型磁拓扑结构下的放电通道气体放电过程进行研究。采用PIC MCC数值计算方法对等离子体产生及运输过程进行数值模拟,分析磁场分布对等离子体密度分布、电子损耗率及放电稳定性的影响,结合统计结果,得到推力器放电性能曲线,最后进行试验验证。研究结果表明,相较多极场结构,环尖场磁构型能更好地约束电子运动,大幅降低其在阳极壁面损耗率,增加电子与中性原子碰撞概率,显著提高放电效率、降低放电损耗。     

分离式垂直方向充退磁线圈数值仿真研究

针对航天器充退磁试验对简便快捷的垂直方向充退磁设备的需求,文章提出一种分离式垂直方向充退磁线圈结构,避免了安装过程中复杂的接插工序,可有效缩短试验时间。通过理论计算说明了分离式充退磁线圈结构与现有设备的等效性,利用磁仿真平台建立了线圈结构模型,并对其充退磁特性以及由于结构改变带来的磁场均匀性误差进行了仿真分析,充分验证了理论计算的正确性。     

Effects of various dissipation range onset models on the 26-day variations of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray electrons

The effect of various models presented by Leamon et al. (2000) for the dissipation range cutoff wavenumber on the 26-day variations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons in a Fisk-Parker hybrid field is investigated, by means of a three-dimensional steady-state numerical modulation code. Analytical expressions for the mean free paths parallel and perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field are adapted from the works of 31 and 28, respectively. Note that only solar minimum conditions are considered, and that only qualitative agreement with data is sought. Effective diffusion for galactic electrons pertaining to 26-day variations is found to be dominated by the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel mean free paths at low energies, and the relationship between changes in cosmic-ray intensities and the modulation parameter postulated by Zhang (1997) is found to no longer hold when this ratio drops below a critical value. Use of ion inertial scale dependent models for the dissipation range cutoff leads to possible second linearities in the relative amplitudes as functions of latitude gradient.     

基于功能核磁共振成像的右脑额下回情绪处理

视觉刺激引起的情绪唤起是日常生活中的一种常见现象。本文通过功能核磁共振成像了解与视觉情绪刺激相关的脑功能归属。15位女性在其一个月经周期内接受了3次或更多的功能核磁共振扫描,实验中视觉刺激的形式包括成人影片与图片,平均所有测试结果得到了平均脑兴奋图。在平均脑兴奋图中可以发现,图片和影片形式的刺激均能有效地引起额下回的兴奋,与其他的兴奋脑区不同,呈现明显的右侧优势。根据实验结果,本文首次提出了右脑额下回在视觉感情信息处理中起到一定的作用,并且提出大脑额下回功能的优势化是双向而不是单向（向左侧）集中的。