梯度功能材料的研究进展及展望

梯度功能材料是一种新型的功能复合材料，它的两侧由不同性能的材料组成，中间部分的组成和结构连续地呈梯度变化，从而使材料的性质和功能也沿厚度方向呈梯度变化，克服了不同材料结合的性能不匹配因素，使两种材料的优势都得到充分发挥。文中介绍了梯度功能材料的概念及开发背景，着重评述了梯度功能材料在制备方法、性能评价和应用等方面研究的新进展及功能梯度材料在国内外的研究成果，并展望了其未来的发展前景。     

电磁脉冲武器对抗空袭飞机研究

电磁脉冲武器已在现代战争中崭露头角,它的出现为抗击空袭飞机(包括隐身飞机)提供了一条新的思路。在分析电磁脉冲武器特点和国内外电磁脉冲武器研究进展的基础上,论述了电磁脉冲武器抗击来袭飞机(包括隐身飞机)的可行性和方法。     

某型号卫星磁性分析与控制

某型号卫星的有效载荷之一高能望远镜对磁场敏感,因此在设计阶段即需分析卫星在轨时载荷所处的磁场环境,并尽可能提高载荷的抗磁场干扰能力。文章根据卫星的构型,对整星的磁场分布进行了计算;对载荷的抗磁场干扰能力进行了测试;对载荷的磁屏蔽方案进行了仿真与测试;分析了抗磁场干扰设计对整星磁性控制的影响,证明卫星可以满足总磁矩不大于5.0 A?m2的姿态控制要求。     

基于复杂网络理论的复杂电磁环境分析与度量

将复杂电磁环境看作由能产生、接收、反射（散射）和吸收电磁信号的实体所构成的复杂系统.并将该系统抽象为以其组分为节点、以各节点间通过“电磁信号”的相互作用和影响为连边的复杂加权有向网络,其连边的权值反映节点相互作用和影响的程度.通过对这个复杂加权有向网络的特征量的研究,提出了基于复杂网络理论的复杂电磁环境度量新方法.     

涂层电子束重熔对裂纹的影响及控制

由于涂层电子束重熔技术自身的特点,涂层重熔处理后材料表面极易形成裂纹,已成为阻碍电子束重熔技术工业化应用的主要障碍之一。为解决此问题,加快推动涂层电子束重熔技术的工业化应用,本文综述了国内外涂层电子束重熔的研究进展,着重介绍了涂层电子束重熔裂纹的产生机理及防治措施,并针对目前涂层电子束重熔技术面临的问题提出了解决途径。     

跨传感器异步迁移学习的室内单目无人机避障

针对强化学习策略由仿真环境向实际迁移困难的问题,以提高无人机采用无深度信息单目视觉时的行人规避能力为目标,提出一种基于异步深度神经网络结构的跨传感器迁移学习方法。首先,在仿真环境中仅使用虚拟单线激光雷达作为传感器,通过基于确定性策略梯度(DDPG)的深度强化学习方法,训练得到一个稳定的初级避障策略。其次,用单目摄像头和激光雷达同步采集现实环境中的视觉和深度数据集并逐帧绑定,使用上述初级避障策略对现实数据集进行自动标注,进而训练得到无需激光雷达数据的单目视觉避障策略,实现从虚拟激光雷达到现实单目视觉的跨传感器迁移学习。最后,引入YOLO v3-tiny网络与Resnet18网络组成异步深度神经网络结构,有效提高了存在行人场景下的避障性能。     

一种高速可变形飞行器智能变形决策方法

针对一类高速可变形飞行器(HMFV)的变形决策问题,提出一种基于深度确定性策略算法(DDPG)下考虑综合性能指标最优的智能变形决策方法。首先,以一类后掠角可连续变化的高速飞行器为研究对象,给出变形飞行器动力学模型,分析模型特性及变形量与关键气动参数之间的定性关系。其次,基于关键气动数据特征分析,考虑包含气动性能、控制误差在内的综合性能指标,设计一种基于DDPG算法的智能变形决策方案。再者,针对带有标称控制器的HMFV进行变形决策训练,实时获得滑翔过程中不同飞行状态下的最优构型。最后,仿真结果表明所设计的智能变形决策算法收敛效果好,且具备较好的泛化性能。相比于固定外形,可通过变形使得在不同状态下的升阻比保持最优,且与考虑单一决策指标相比,考虑综合指标最优的变形决策可进一步缩小姿态动态跟踪误差。     

Geosynchronous magnetic field response to the large and fast solar wind dynamic pressure change

We present a comparison of large and sharp solar wind dynamic pressure changes, observed by several spacecraft, with fast disturbances in the magnetospheric magnetic field measured by the GOES-8, 9 and 10 geosynchronous satellites. Almost 400 solar wind pressure changes in the period 1996–2003 were selected for this study. Using the large statistics we confirmed that increases (decreases) in the dynamic pressure always results in increases (decreases) in the magnitude of geosynchronous B_z component. The amplitude of the geosynchronous B_z response strongly depends on the location of observer relative to the noon meridian, from the value of solar wind pressure before the disturbance arriving and firstly – from the amplitude of the pressure change.     

On the application of the boundary element method in coronal magnetic field reconstruction

Solar magnetic field is believed to play a central role in solar activities and flares, filament eruptions as well as CMEs are due to the magnetic field re-organization and the interaction between the plasma and the field. At present the reliable magnetic field measurements are still confined to a few lower levels like in photosphere and chromosphere. Although IR technique may be applied to observe the coronal field but the technique is not well-established yet. Radio techniques may be applied to diagnose the coronal field but assumptions on radiation mechanisms and propagations are needed. Therefore extrapolation from photospheric data upwards is still the primary method to reconstruction coronal field. Potential field has minimum energy content and a force-free field can provide the required excess energy for energy release like flares, etc. Linear models have undesirable properties and it is expected to consider non-constant-alpha force-free field model. As the recent result indicates that the plasma beta is sandwich-ed distributed above the solar surface (Gary, 2001), care must be taken in modeling the coronal field correctly. As the reconstruction of solar coronal magnetic fields is an open boundary problem, it is desired to apply some technique that can incorporate this property. The boundary element method is a well-established numerical techniques that has been applied to many fields including open-space problems. It has also been applied to solar magnetic field problems for potential, linear force-free field and non-constant-alpha force-free field problems. It may also be extended to consider the non-force-free field problem. Here we introduce the procedure of the boundary element method and show its applications in reconstruction of solar magnetic field problems. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于张量的舰载机滑跃式起飞动力学建模

基于张量推导建立了舰载机起飞过程的一般数学模型。将航空母舰、飞机、飞机的前后起落架活动部分视为具有独立质量的实体,构成柔性连接的多刚体系统。用牛顿—欧拉法(N-E法)建立各个实体的动力学方程。利用张量的不变性对动力学和运动学方程进行变换,消除坐标系转换的影响,得到矩阵形式的微分方程组。这样动力学的全部计算均统一为矩阵形式。讨论了模型的封闭性,并给出了仿真结果。