吊放声纳应召搜潜效能的建模与仿真

基于反潜直升机吊放声纳的探测原理及战术使用特点,在目标初始位置概略已知,速度和航向未知的条件下,分析了目标散布规律,建立了搜潜效能分析计算模型,给出了吊放声纳在扩展方形搜索方式下的应召搜潜概率；并采用蒙特卡洛法的基本思想对该计算模型进行了仿真验证,证明了该方法的有效性；最后,基于扩展方形搜索方式,研究了在单机和双机搜潜条件下搜索概率的不同结果,分析了潜艇速度、应召延迟时间、吊放次数等参数 对搜索概率的影响。     

基于低轨全覆盖卫星星座的反向缝建链策略

低轨卫星星座的拓扑设计是天地一体化网络部署中较为重要的一环。在低轨卫星网络中，如何设计星座拓扑来提升卫星网络的稳定性与传输性能，是亟待解决的问题。提出一种基于轨道覆盖带方法的低轨持续全覆盖卫星星座设计方法，通过该方法构建低轨卫星星座，满足覆盖性能，可有效减少卫星切换的次数。基于构建的星座拓扑，制定邻轨k最近邻星的反向缝建链策略，优化设计链路长度和链路持续时长，获取网络传输性能与稳定性的平衡。仿真结果表明:通过上述方法设计出的星座，在满足对地持续全覆盖性能的情况下，相较于轨道覆盖带方法切换次数减少10%;邻轨k最近邻星策略相较于最短建链策略，拓扑稳定性能提升79.62%，使网络拓扑稳定性与传输性能达到更优的平衡。     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.