Launch cost reduction by the reuse of the core stage of Ariane 5

The high cost of launching payloads into Earth orbit is a main limiting factor on the development of space. In order to reduce the high cost of launch, reuse of (parts of) the launch vehicle is needed. This study analyses the possibilities of recovering and reusing the core stage of Ariane 5. Recovery of the core stage sets demands on re-entry trajectory, attitude, stability, thermal protection, structural strength, terminal deceleration, salt water protection, recovery and refurbishment. All these subject areas require solutions to their individual problems. Added subsystems to the stage are defined and their mass is determined. These masses are used to determine the financial feasibility of the recovery concept, by weighing the payload demise and operational cost against the gains of reduced production cost. It is concluded that the recovery is technologically feasible, using a detachable ablative heat shield on the nose of the stage and a stabilisation device (an inflatable drag cone), a parachute system and an engine enclosure device. Total mass of these systems is 1320 kg, with financial savings amounting to $8.5 million per flight.     

机动发射系统垂直瞄准扰动试验分析

针对机动发射竖直瞄准干扰消除问题,设计两种动特性试验获取其扰动频率及幅值;采用传统模态试验方法获取其小变形动态特性,通过释放和风激励方法获取了其晃动动态特性,分析指出非线性间隙对结构动特性影响明显。     

发动机谐振与箭体模态耦合稳定性及机理研究

针对发动机谐振可能与箭体弹性振动之间发生耦合共振,从而引起姿态控制系统不稳定的问题,首先将发动机谐振特性简化为一个二阶环节,建立了包含发动机谐振方程的火箭姿态动力学模型;然后分析了发动机谐振对箭体模态极点频率和阻尼比的影响,并从理论上分析了出现负阻尼比时发动机和箭体模态间的耦合共振机理,在此基础上计算了导致姿态控制系统...     

Hyper Heuristic Approach for Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle

Satellite launch vehicle lies at the cross-road of multiple challenging technologies and its design and optimization present a typical example of multidisciplinary design and optimization(MDO) process.The complexity of problem demands highly effi-cient and effective algorithm that can optimize the design.Hyper heuristic approach(HHA) based on meta-heuristics is applied to the optimization of air launched satellite launch vehicle(ASLV).A non-learning random function(NLRF) is proposed to con-trol low-level meta-heuristics(LLMHs) that increases certainty of global solution,an essential ingredient required in product conceptual design phase of aerospace systems.Comprehensive empirical study is performed to evaluate the performance advan-tages of proposed approach over popular non-gradient based optimization methods.Design of ASLV encompasses aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,stages layout,mass distribution,and trajectory modules connected by multidisciplinary feasible design approach.This approach formulates explicit system-level goals and then forwards the design optimization process entirely over to optimizer.This distinctive approach for launch vehicle system design relieves engineers from tedious,iterative task and en-ables them to improve their component level models.Mass is an impetus on vehicle performance and cost,and so it is considered as the core of vehicle design process.Therefore,gross launch mass is to be minimized in HHA.     

可重复使用运载器结构重量估算方法研究

对可重复使用运载器总体参数统计数据进行回归分析,得到了可重复使用运载器结构重量估算公式,并以某可重复使用运载器为例进行了验算,结果验证了结构重量评估公式的合理性和可用性;通过定义无量纲形式的敏感度函数和敏感度因子,使各总体设计参数的敏感性可进行对比评价,并以此分析了可重复使用运载器结构重量估算公式对单个总体设计参数的敏感度,总结出可重复使用运载器结构重量随总体参数变化的规律。其结构重量估算公式对我国未来可重复使用运载器的设计具有直接参考价值。     

载人航天器发射场总装测试厂房设计需求分析研究

文章依据航天器技术指标和工作内容,提出载人航天器发射场总装测试厂房的设计需求分析方法,列出设计需求要素,包括厂房建筑规模需求,厂房支持能力需求、厂房保障条件需求等.分别阐述各需求要素的作用、计算方法以及需要依照的建筑设计规范,给出了设计需求指标确定方法.     

长征系列运载火箭航天发射总次数突破两位数

长征系列火箭为中国航天运载火箭的统称。文章讨论了该系列火箭的组成和航天发射情况。     

隔热层厚度和数量对太空多层光学窗口温度分布的影响

 航天器上常安装有用于科学观察的多层光学窗口,其温度分布的均匀性会影响成像质量。运用射线踪迹-节点分析法的任意多层镜反射辐射与导热耦合换热模型,研究了隔热层厚度及数量对太空中多层光学窗口温度分布的影响。光学窗口的吸收系数、折射率随波长的变化用一组矩形谱带来近似。研究显示太空中热辐射在光学窗口的冷却过程中起着非常重要的作用,在离玻璃层表面附近很薄的一层玻璃介质内,辐射与导热存在强烈的耦合作用。隔热层厚度越薄,其内的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量。隔热层数量越多,光学窗口各层玻璃的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量,但是隔热层最佳数量的确定还需综合考虑其它因素。     

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索因需考虑日、地、月引力的影响而使问题变得复杂。针对该多体系统的发射机会搜索问题,提出了一种分层渐近的搜索方法。该方法首先通过分析地月系质心与小行星的几何关系,搜索从地月系质心到小行星的发射机会,进而以地月运动为研究对象,推导出了从月球轨道切向逃逸机会的判别条件,并基于此判别条件及等高线图法对逃逸机会进行了搜索。同时,为提高所得发射机会在多体模型下的轨道修正收敛性,给出了基于月心逃逸轨道参数为终端约束的日-地与日-地-月动力学模型的轨道渐近修正方法。最后,以近地小行星(3908)Nyx和(190491)2000 FJ20为例,搜索其从月球逃逸的发射机会,仿真计算表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于虚拟样机的多星分离仿真分析

在一箭多星发射任务中,卫星分离仿真分析较为复杂,分离后卫星的运动状态受多因素共同影响,包括弹簧弹力、爆炸螺栓冲击力、电连接器拔脱力、航天器质量特性、初始运动参数等,采用传统数值计算的方法难以求解。虚拟样机技术能够有效解决上述问题,通过虚拟样机技术完成卫星分离仿真分析,通过人为设置偏差及干扰,模拟偏差及故障模式下卫星分离过程,评估碰撞等危险发生的可能性。结果表明,系统偏差对分离结果的影响量可通过仿真来评估,在风险较大情况下需要采取弹簧筛选等措施;另外,电分离插头机械拔脱力作用时间短,造成的干扰一般情况下不会影响分离安全。