载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成分析

考虑到载人航天器大气环境控制系统设计参数和控制参数众多,文章建立了一种载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、航天员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块和二氧化碳净化模块。利用该模型对载人航天器常规工作模式下大气环境控制系统性能进行了计算分析,得到了在不同热负荷水平下载人航天器密封舱空气各个参数随在轨时间的变化趋势,结果表明:氧分压控制、二氧化碳净化和人区温湿度控制之间存在着密切的相互影响关系,不可孤立地进行分析。此外,文章还分析确定了非常规工作模式下热负荷水平允许上限,为载人航天器工作模式的确定提供了依据。研究结果有助于载人航天器大气环境控制系统的设计和流程改进。     

IMPROVED EXECUTION METHOD OF TENTACLE ALGORITHM FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLE

In order to solve some deficiencies in tentacle execution, an improved execution method of tentacle algo- rithm is presented. The method uses a short trajectory to match the curvature between the path of vehicle and ten- tacle, rather than computing a whole steady state. To control vehicle motion via wheel force and steering angle, two parameters should be discretized under certain area and these discrete values can form 18 5〈 20 groups. Then the curvature between the trajectory and tentacle should be matched, and the corresponding group of wheel force and steering angle can be found. The flow chart of the improved execution method is given, and simulation is per- formed on a platform named ＂pro-sivic＂. The simulation results show that the improved method can maintain the advantage of the tentacle algorithm in terms of computation speed, and avoid the errors such as endless loop and data overflow, which proves the method more efficient.     

下腹板长度对单边膨胀喷管性能的影响

在落压比为4~60范围内,对两个不同下腹板长度的单边膨胀喷管模型进行了试验研究,得到了其壁面静压分布,并对4种不同下腹板长度的喷管模型进行了数值模拟研究,获得了总体性能参数.结果表明:在整个落压比范围内,喷管流动都呈现很强的三维特征,而且在高落压比条件下上膨胀面两侧边气流出现了横向分离.喷管轴向推力系数峰值随下腹板长度增大而增加,峰值对应的落压比也逐渐增大并趋近设计点.在落压比为30~80范围内,轴向推力系数随着下腹板长度增大而增加,在设计点轴向推力系数的最大值和最小值相差约1.8%;在特定低落压比条件下,较短下腹板长度的喷管具有高的轴向推力系数.气流矢量角随下腹板长度增加而增大,在设计点最大值和最小值分别为6.03°和-1.83°.      

Evaluation Model of Design for Operation and Architecture of Hierarchical Virtual Simulation for Flight Vehicle Design

In order to take requirements for commercial operations or military missions into better consideration in new flight vehicle design, a tri-hierarchical task classification model of "design for operation" is proposed, which takes basic man-object interaction task, complex collaborative operation and large-scale joint operation into account. The corresponding general architecture of evaluation criteria is also depicted. Then a virtual simulation-based approach to implement the evaluations at three hierarchy levels is mainly analyzed with a detailed example, which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of evaluation architecture. Finally, extending the virtual simulation architecture from design to operation training is discussed.     

基于日最大风速记录的建筑群风环境评估方法

提出将各风向的风速比与日最大风速概率分布相结合,进行风环境评估,并按照风速大小划定建筑功能区域的基本方法。首先利用地面风速探头在风洞中对建筑群周边区域的风场进行定量测量,得出不同风向下各测点的风速比。再根据多年日最大风速记录和广义极值分布函数族,得出不同风向的日最大风速概率分布参数。由此即可求出各测点日最大风速超过风速阈值的概率。参照风环境评估准则,可对各区域的舒适度进行定量评估,并对其进行功能分区。通过对某高层建筑群的实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性和简便性,研究结果对建筑设计有直接的指导意义。     

基于A~*定长搜索算法的多无人机协同航迹规划

基于多无人机同时作业情况下的航迹规划问题,提出了一种A*定长航迹搜索算法.该算法通过选择代价值最接近给定值的节点作为最佳节点,得到定长规划航迹,接着进一步通过限定最佳节点的选择范围,改善了航迹的可飞性.仿真结果表明,利用该算法规划的定长航迹长度误差可以控制在1.4％以内,协同航迹长度误差可以控制在0.8％以内,能够满足多无人机同时到达的一般要求.     

综合化飞行器管理计算机技术研究

目前国外新一代飞机的设计中,为进一步提高飞机的性能,同时降低系统费用,采用飞行器管理系统综合管理包括飞行控制、发动机控制、机电公共设备管理等飞机平台的功能.飞行器管理系统核心是飞行器管理计算机,细粒度可配置飞行器管理计算机不同于以往基于通道容错的计算机系统,它是基于模块级容错的计算机系统,细粒度可配置飞行器管理计算机设计利用综合化技术,通过采用通用的、标准的模块,提高系统的可靠性和可用性.它既要具有飞行控制系统的多余度安全,同时又需要满足发动机控制、机电管理等不同系统、不同余度配置的安全要求.另一方面飞行器管理计算机从系统结构、容错技术等方面要适应不断变化的微电子技术和计算机技术的发展,保持飞机平台具有相对的稳定性,更要具有灵活的系统配置能力.主要介绍了细粒度可配置飞行器管理计算机体系结构、软件要求、容错结构的实现.     

Chicks incubated in hypomagnetic field need more exogenous noradrenaline for memory consolidation

The geomagnetic field (GMF) is one of the essential characteristics of the terrestrial environment but does not apply in outer space. The elimination of GMF may interfere with the normal activities of life in many aspects. Previous behavioral experiments have found that long-term memory is impaired in chicks incubated in a near-zero magnetic environment (i.e. hypomagnetic field or HMF). The present study was designed to evaluate the possible involvement of noradrenergic change in the functional abnormality observed before. A HMF space was produced by nullifying the natural GMF with three pairs of Helmholtz coils. The one-trial passive avoidance learning paradigm was performed on day-old chicks incubated in either the HMF space or the natural GMF. Exogenous noradrenaline was administered by intracerebral injections and the effect on memory consolidation was compared between the two categories of subjects. In the behavioral paradigm, the HMF chicks had a higher elimination rate than the GMF chicks and displayed a significant reduction in overall responsiveness. The administration of moderate doses (0.1–0.5 nmol/hemisphere) of noradrenaline led to fairly good memory retention in GMF chicks but had little effect on HMF chicks. However, long-term memory of HMF chicks could be elevated to the normal level by much higher doses (1.0–1.75 nmol/hem) of the drug. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to HMF may induce disorders in the noradrenergic system in the brain and indicate a potentiality of counteracting the ill-effect of GMF deprivation with appropriate pharmacological manipulation.     

无线电引信的电磁脉冲效应

强电磁脉冲对武器装备电子系统具有很强的干扰和破坏作用。通过超宽带电磁脉冲对无线电引信的辐照实验,研究了无线电引信在超宽带电磁脉冲作用下的效应。实验表明：无线电引信在超宽带电磁脉冲照射下,会产生早炸现象。在介绍无线电引信工作原理的基础上,分析了无线电引信产生早炸的原因,得出超宽带电磁脉冲直接作用无线电引信点火电路从而引起旱炸的结论。     

基于HMDP的无人机三维路径规划

路径规划是UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)自主飞行的重要保障.初步建立了基于MDP(Markov Decision Processes)的全局路径规划模型,把UAV的路径规划看作是给定环境模型和奖惩原则的情况下,寻求最优策略的问题;为解决算法时空开销大、UAV航向改变频繁的缺点,提出一种基于状态聚类方法的HMDP(Hierarchical Markov Decision Processes)模型,并将其拓展到三维规划中.仿真实验证明:这种简单的规划模型可以有效解决UAV的三维全局路径规划问题,为其在实际飞行中的局部规划奠定了基础.